182 



It will be seen that, independently of each other and from dif- 

 ferent standpoints, the fact that we have in the Eskimo a snrvival 

 of paleolithic man in North America has been arrived at by Dr. 

 Abbott and, previously, by myself. The subsequent discovery by 

 Prof. 'Dana* of remains of the reindeer in glacial deposits in the 

 Valley of the Connecticut, and the determination of the beds in 

 which the rough stone implements were found as ancient moraines, 

 help to assign a geological age to the presence of man in Korth 

 America, as well as to give a picture of his surroundings. I have 

 endeavored to carry out the original idea which I entertained, that 

 glacial man w^ould be found to have suffered an equal fate with the 

 fauna of the ice-period, by a study of migrations. 



In a lecture delivered in the Course of the Buffalo Society of 

 Natural Sciences^ Jan. 6, 1877, I published the conclusions arrived 

 at, already briefly sketched in my note in the American Naturalist 

 for July of the preceding year. I proposed to distinguish : '' A prim- 

 itive migration, one influenced solely by physical causes affecting 

 man's existence, and which must have been in more extensive 

 operation in early times when he was unprovided with means of 

 his own invention against unfriendly changes in his surroundings. 

 Such migrations, or a modified snrvival of them, are operative now 

 among our Indians, who move from place to place with the game 

 upon which they subsist and wdth the season. A culture migra- 

 tion, one arising out of a certain stage of intellectual advancement 

 when the movements of man are determined by ultimate and not 

 immediate considerations. The movements of the Indo-European 

 races fall within this category. Besides these is to be distinguished 

 an accidental migration, which man has submitted to against his 

 will. The accidental migrations of man may be considered as be- 

 longing to the epochs of culture migration, since they must more 

 usually have occurred with races advanced in the art of navigation. 

 A separation of individuals from communities under the pressure 

 of storms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc., may have hap- 

 pened, however, in the earliest times." 



It will be seen that I differ from Dr. Abbott by considering the 

 presence of the progenitors of the Eskimo over the main belt of 



" Am. Jour. Sci. Arts, 353, Nov. 1875. 

 5 Bufialo Courier, Jan. 7, 187". 



