183 



tills continent during the Ice-period, as due to " a primitive and 

 unconscious migration determined by tlie shifting of their congenial 

 surroundings." It does not appear that Dr. Rink couples the 

 migration of the Eskimo with the movement of the ice over this 

 continent. Indeed, his idea seems opposed to this and does not 

 imply any relation between the Eskimo and the Ice-period. 



These discoveries and considerations open up the question of 

 tertiary man. It is certain, as I have elsewhere suggested, that 

 man could not have originated at the foot of the glacier. The ice 

 must have met him, towards the close of the Tertiary, in the northern 

 parts of Asia and America and forced him soutlnvard; or, at a 

 later time, it must have found him on tlie main belt of this conti- 

 nent. The tertiary origin of man is presupposed from the fact 

 that he had submitted to a race-modification fitting him to endure 

 the cold. Some support for these ideas may be found in examining 

 northern strata; it must be borne in mind, however, that the north 

 has never been free from ice since the close of the Pliocene to this 

 day. 



It would appear more sensible, in view of the present ascertained 

 facts of science, that, for the original Tertiary form of man, we should 

 search a territory inhabited at that time by animals the nearest re- 

 lated to him. Considerations of this kind will prevent us from 

 entertaining the belief that man originated in America. We must 

 still believe that America has always been for man the New World. 



If we turn to the detached Antarctic lands, covered by glaciers 

 descending to form an ice-wall along their coasts, to be fretted away 

 by the beating of the ocean waves, we see that other sciences may 

 be advanced by their exploration, but Anthropology only indirectly. 

 In February, 1842, Eoss reached the most southern point yet at- 

 tained, lat. 78° 11', long. 101° 2?' W., and it is strange that both he 

 and Weddell^ report an open sea before them to the south, as Kane 

 did to the north. 



So soon as Arctic America is explored by means of the establish- 

 ment of permanent stations of observation, akin to that in opera- 

 tion on Mount Washington, a system recently recommended in 

 this country as well as in Europe, important data as to the intro- 



"Nenmayer. Zcits. Ges. Erdk., 1873. 



