44 



Fio-. 3 



clothed, and extend considerably beyond the clypeal spine. The 

 differencjES in the spines appear in figures 3, 4, 5. There are other 

 obvious differences. 



A comparison with TV. canme, which it approaches in character, 

 exhibits plain differences. According to Herrick Schaeffer, cannce 

 has broad fore wings with acute apexes, the intra- 

 veinular marginal spots are wanting, and there are 

 two spots marking the intersection of the inner line 

 with the median and submedian veins; in subcarnea 

 the primaries are not broader than in typhce, and 

 the apexes are not more acute, the marginal spots 

 are present, and the inner line is not marked by two spots; again, 

 the hind wings are concolorous, while in catince they are not. 



The differences between this moth and N. sparganii are not so 

 obvious. They agree very well in size; the shape of the primaries 

 are quite closely alike, also the intraveinular 

 marginal spots as well as those upon the veins 

 indicating the marginal line; in sparganii the 

 secondaries are darker, scaled towards the outer 

 half, the inner half being lighter than the pri- 

 maries; there are spots at the origin of veins, three and four, sur- 

 rounded by four black dots (H. S.); in subcarnea this character 

 does not appear, while the hind wings are of uniform shade. Sub- 

 carnea is certainly very closely allied to sparganii. I have rarely 

 found Sparganum bored by a larva apparently identical with the 

 one from Typha; I have taken the same also in Scirpus. 



I introduce here figures showing the wide differ- 

 ences in the frontal prolongations of subcarnea 

 (Fig. 3), typha: (Fig. 4) and N. subflava (Fig. 5). 

 These characters, it seems, afford good points for 

 comparison and separation of species, for they 

 prove to be quite constant, at least in the first. 

 The spine of subflava is scarcely bilobed; it was not seen to be 

 so until magnified by an inch objective. 



I have to acknowledge my obligations to Mr. J. A. Lintner for 

 assistance and advice in the study of this moth. 



Fig-. 4 



