CARBONIFEROUS. 47 



Bronn, Index Palseont. p. 76. 

 Sternberg, Vers. i. fasc. 4, p. xxxi. 

 Unger, Syuop. Plant. Foss. p. 34. 



Genera et Species, p. 68. 

 Annular 'ia fertilis. 



Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 156. 

 Bronn, Index Palaeont. p. 76. 



Lethaea Geog. vol. L pt. ii. p. 105, pi. viii. fig. 8. 

 Eichwald, Lethsea Rossica, vol. i. p. 187, pi. xiv. fig. 9. 

 Ettingshausen, Steinkf. v. Radnitz, p. 29. 



Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abhandl. vol. iv. abth. I. p. 83. 



Giebel, Deutschl. Petrefacten, p. 29. 

 Sternberg, Vers. i. fasc. 4, p. xxxi. pi. li. fig. 2. 

 Stur, Jahrb. d. k. k. Geol. Eeichsanst. vol. xii. p. 143. 

 Unger, Synop. Plant. Foss. p. 34. 



Genera et Species, p. 67. 



Neues Jahrbuch, 1842, p. 608. 

 Annularia carinata. 



Bronn, Index Palaeont. p. 76. 



Ettingshausen, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abhandl. vol. iv. abth. I. p. 84. 



Fontaine & White, Perm, or Up. Garb. Flora, p. 38. 



Geinitz, Dyas, p. 137. 



Gaea v. Sachsen, p. 71. 

 Giebel, Deutschl. Petrefacten, p. 29. 

 Goppert, Foss. Flora d. Perm. Form. p. 38. 

 Gumbel, Denk. d. k. Baier. Bot. Gesell. vol. iv. p. 100. 

 Gutbier, Isis, 1837, p. 436. 



Die Vers. d. Eothl. in Sachsen, p. 9, pi. ii. figs. 4-8. 

 Schimper, Traite d. Paleont. V6g6t. vol. iii. p. 459. 

 Unger, Genera et Species, p. 69. 

 Ast&rophyllites equisetiformis. 



Bunbury, Quart. Jouru. Geol. Soc. vol. iii. p. 433, 1847. 

 Dawson, Acadian Geol. 2nd ed. p. 480, 1868. 



Canadian Nat. vol. viii. p. 440. 



Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxii. p. 152. 



Foss. Plants of Low. Carb., Canada, p. 38. 

 Lindley & Hutton, Foss. Flora, vol. ii. pi. cxxiv. 

 Morris, Trans. Geol. Soc. 2nd ser. vol. v. p. 489. 

 Aparince densius foliatce. 



Luid, Lith. Brit. Ichnographia, p. 12, pi. v. fig. 201, 1760. 

 Scheuchzer, Herb, diluv. pi. iii. fig. 3, 1723. 



Remarks. Gutbier's Anmdaria carinata does not appear to differ in any 

 essential manner from this species. The little irregularly placed pits on the 

 stem, which form one of its chief characters, have evidently been caused by 

 Spirorbis, which are commonly found on fossil plants that have been im- 

 mersed in water for any length of time before mineralization.* 



Many authors unite here, as the fruit of Annularia stellata, Stachannularia 

 (Eruckmannia) tuberculata, Sternberg, but I am not aware that this cone has 

 ever been found attached to stems of Annularia stellata, and though they 

 often occur together, till they are found in organic union it camiot posi- 

 tively be affirmed that Stachannularia tuberculata is the fruit of this species. 

 It must, however, be admitted that indirect evidence points strongly in 

 favour of the view of the union of these two fossils, f 



Horizon. Coal Measures. 



* Etheridge, G-eol. Mag. 1880, p. 216. 



t See Weiss, Steinkohlen-Calamarien, p. 18. 



