CARBONIFEROUS. 153 



wrinkles on the medial line of the leaf-scar. Such wrinkles occur on individuals 

 of many species, and are probably caused by shrinkage of the epidermal 

 tissues. 



Lycopodites qffinis, Sternberg, and Lycopodites cordatus, of the same author, 

 from J arrow, are both, I am inclined to think, only portions of Lepidodendron 

 Sternbergii. The first is the younger branches, the latter the older stem. 

 If my conjectures on the affinities of Lycopodites cordatus are correct, the 

 specimen from which the figure was taken cannot have been in a good state of 

 preservation, and this view is borne out by the indistinct manner in which 

 the leaf-scars are shown on Sternberg's plate. 



Lepidodendron dichotomum, Bronn (Lethsea Geog. vol. i. pi. viii. fig. 2), 

 does not appear to belong to the genus Lepidodendron, but to Lepidophloios. 



In the Museum of Practical Geology is a very interesting and beautifully 

 defined impression of Lepidodendron Sternbergii. The core, which lifts out of 

 the impression, has all the characters of Bergeria angulata, Sternberg (Vers. ii. 

 p. 184 ; pi. Ixviii. fig. 17), from which Bergeria rhombica, Sternberg 

 (I.e. pi. Ixviii. fig. 18), and Bergeria quadrata, Sternberg (I.e. pi. Ixviii. fig. 19), 

 do not really seem to differ. The small vascular scar at the upper end of 

 the leaf-scars of Bergeria is merely the small opening through which the 

 foliar-bundle passed to the leaf, and not a vascular impression similar in 

 structure to what is found in well-preserved Lepidodendroid leaf -scars. Iii 

 the latter case there is the true outer surface of the leaf -scar, from which the 

 leaf has been shed in the ordinary course of nature ; in Bergeria the peculiar 

 appearance of the leaf -scar has been brought about by the breaking over of 

 the leaf, and the more or less ill-defined small scar at its upper angle is the 

 opening through which the foliar vascular bundle passes. 



The genus Bergeria I regard as only an incomplete condition of Lepido- 

 dendron. 



Halonia gracilis, Carruthers, is a small branch of Lepidodendron Stern- 

 bergii, and not Lindley and Hutton's plant. Such unequally dichotomised 

 Lepidodendroid specimens are by no means uncommon. The fossil from 

 which Mr. Curruthers' figure was taken is in the Collection, and shows clearly 

 the Lepidodendron, not Lepidophloios leaf -scar. The specimen figured as 

 Sagenaria Martini, Konig, is also in the Collection. 



Horizon. Coal Measures. 



Localities. British. Durham : Sunderland. Lancashire : Bury. Lanark- 

 shire : Shotts, Carluke. Northumberland : Felling 

 Colliery, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Shropshire : Coal- 

 brook * Dale ; Madeley Court (Presented by 

 H. Pearce, Esq.). Staffordshire : Himley ; Nether- 

 ton ; Tipton, near Dudley. Worcestershire : Bewd- 

 ley ; Forest of Wyre. Wales (South) : Ebbw 

 Vale; Merthyr-Tydvil. 



Foreign. Bohemia : Wranowitz. France : St. Etienne. Saxony : 

 Hainichen. Silesia : Waldenburg. 



Var. obovatum. 



British. Northumberland : Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

 Foreign. Moravia : Rossitz. Silesia : Waldenburg. United 

 States : Orange Co., Indiana. 



Lepidodendron aculeatum, Sternberg. 



Lepidodendron aculeatum. 

 Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 86. 

 Bunbury, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. ii. p. 86. 

 Dawson, Acadian Geol. 2nd ed. p. 488, 1868. 



Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxii. p. 162. 



,, Canadian Nat. vol. viii. p. 451. 



