204 FOSSIL PLANTS. 



Stigmaria. 



Parkinson, Organic Eemains, vol. i. pi. iii. fig. 1. 

 King, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. vol. xxxviii. pi. v. figs. 1, 2. 

 Remarks. In Stigmaria are placed the roots of Sigillaria and Lepidoden- 

 dron, and perhaps those of other plants, as they at present cannot be correlated 

 with the various stems to which they belong. 



Numerous varieties of Stigmaria faoides have been described. These 

 are probably specifically distinct, and may represent the roots of different 

 species, but for the present it is perhaps better to regard them as merely 

 varieties of one species. The varieties rimosa and stellata are, however, 

 so well marked, that I have treated them as species. 



The distribution of Stigmaria and its varieties is co-extensive with that of 

 Sigillaria and Lepidodendron. They are almost invariably found in the 

 " underclays " the old soils in which the carboniferous forests grew, 



Caulopteris gracilis, Lindley and Hutton, as already suspected by Koehl,* 

 seems to be undoubtedly the vascular cylinder of Stigmaria. 



Horizon. Throughout the whole of the carboniferous formation, 

 Localities. British. Coal Measures. Durham : Jarrow. Lanarkshire : 

 Carluke ; Chapelhall, Airdrie (Presented by the 

 British Association). Northumberland : Newcastle- 

 on-Tyne. Shropshire : Coalbrook Dale. Somerset- 

 shire : Camerton ; Radstock. Worcestershire : 

 Dudley ; Tenkbury ; Forest of Wyre ; Wyre Hill, 

 near Bewdley, near Victoria Bridge ; Upper Arley, 

 Bewdley. 



(Calciferous Saiidstone Series.'} 



Fife : Grange Quarry, Burntisland. 



foreign. Coal Measures. Bohemia : Radnitz. Nova Scotia. 

 Saxony : Zwickau. Silesia : Konigshute ; Wal- 

 denburg. Westphalia : Wattenscheidt. United 

 States : Pennsylvania ; Seranton, 



Var. reticulata, Goppert. 



Horizon. Coal Measures. 

 Localities. British. Lanarkshire : Carluke. 

 Foreign. Silesia : Waldenburg. 



Var. minor, Geinitz. 



Horizon. Coal Measures. 



Locality. British. Worcestershire : Bewdley. 



Var. 



Horizon. Coal Measures. 



Locality. British. Wales (South) : Abercarn. 



Stigmaria stellata, Goppert. 



Stigmaria stellata. 



Eichwald, Lethaea Rossica, vol. i. p. 206, pi. xv. fig. 2. 

 Kidston in Cadell, Trans. Edinb. Geol. Soc, vol.. iv. p. 335^ 

 Renault, Cours d. Botan. Foss. 1881, p. 155. 

 Stigmaria Jicoides var. stellata. 



Dawson, Acadian Geol. 1868, 2nd ed. p. 476". 



Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxii. p. 148. 

 Canadian Nat. vol. viii. p. 436. 



* Foss. Flora d. Steink. Form. Westph. p. 122, 



