2410 



Heat produced by change of volume of metals, 

 and mechanical equivalent, determination. 

 Edlund, E. Stockh. Ofv. 22 (1865) 295-; 

 A. Ps. C. 126 (1865) 539-. 



compression of gas and mechanical 

 equivalent, relation. Thomson, (Sir) W. [1851] 

 Edinb. E. S. T. 20 (1853) 289-. 



vibration. Laborde, . Les 

 Mondes 43 (1877) 53-. 



, quantity developed by violent agitation of 



water. Rennie, G. B. A. Ep. (1856) (pt. 2) 



165- ; (1857) (pt. 2) 190-. 

 , theory (Seydlitz and Clausius). Hoppe, R. 



Pogg. A. 101 (1857) 143-. 

 Heating of projectiles by friction of air. 



Pictet, M. A. Bb. Brit. 23 (1803) 331-. 

 Ignition by compression of air. Erman, P. 



Gilbert A. 18 (1804) 240-. 

 . De Luc, J. A. Nicholson J. 



21 (1808) 234-. 

 Joule's equivalent, computation. Thurston, 



R. H. Franklin I. J. 133 (1892) 289-. 

 , cosmical determination. Chase, P. E. 



[1880] Am. Ph. S. P. 19 (1882) 20-. 



experiment. Hazen, H. A. Science 16 

 (1890) 304. 



unit verified. Espy, J. P. Edinb. N. 

 Ph. J. 10 (1859) 252-. 



work in the development of modern science. 

 Martinotti, G. Ev. Sc.-Ind. 22 (1890) 93-. 



Liquids, compression, thermal phenomena. 



Fame, P. A., & Laurent, J. A. C. 1 (1874) 



433-. 

 , temperature variations produced by 



motion. Cantoni, G. Mil. I. Lomb. Ed. 



1 (1864) 145-. 

 Locomotives, mechanical effect. Pambour, 



F. M. G. de. Par. A. Pon. Chauss. 3 (1842) 



237-. 

 , . Ferron, E. Lux. I. Pb. 16 (1877) 



1-. 

 , useful effect. Virla, . Par. A. Pon. 



Chauss. 16 (1838) 83-. 

 Eowland's value, recalculation. Waidner, C. 



W., <& Mallory, F. J. H. Un. Cir. [17 



(1897-98)] 55-; Ph. Mg. 48 (1899) 1-. 

 , , reduction to Paris hydrogen scale. 



Day, W. S. J. H. Un. Cir. [16 (1896-97)] 



44- ; Ph. Mg. 46 (1898) 1-. 

 Shot melting by impact. Hagenbach,E. A. Ps. 



C. 140 (1870) 486- ; 143 (1871) 153-. 

 . Bodynski, J. A. Ps. C. 141 



(1870) 594- ; 145 (1872) 622-. 

 Specific heat of water in terms of electrical 



units. Gallendar, H. L., & Barnes, H. T. 



B. A. Ep. (1897) 552-. 

 Steam engine, efficiency. Dorman, . S. W. 



I. E. P. 2 (1861) 103-. 



, , measurement. Moseley, H. Corn- 

 wall Pol. S. T. (1839) 104-. 

 , theory in relation to dynamic theory of 



heat. Codazza, G. Mil. Mm. I. Lomb. 8 



(1862) 3-. 

 , mechanical power. Dufour, (gen.) G. H. 



Bb. Un. 34 (1827) 129-. 

 , . Fourier, A. Karsten Arch. Berg- 



bau 18 (1829) 122-. 



Mechanical Equivalent of Heat 



2415 



Flauti, M. B. 



Steam, mechanical power. 



Dingier 39 (1831) 367-. 

 , quantity of work. Navier, C. L. M. H. 



J. Gen. Civ. 7 (1830) 423-. 

 Waste- steam, application of mechanical theory 



of heat to study. Vidal, V. Par. Mm. Ing. 



Civ. (1864) 180-. 

 Waterfalls, heat produced by. Keller, F. 



Em. E. Ac. Line. Ed. 1 (1885) 671-, 884. 

 , thermodynamics. Mayer, A.M. Am. As. 



P. 18 (1869) 64-. 



Work from chemical actions, economical pro- 

 duction. Joule, J. P. Manch. Ph. S. Mm. 



10 (1852) 173-. 

 , conversion into heat. Telle, . Civing. 



39 (1893) 581-. 

 -r- necessary for rarefaction of air in receiver. 



Dienger, J. Grunert Arch. 11 (1848) 450-. 



and its relation to gaseous compression and 

 expansion. Hazen, H. A. Science 19 (1892) 

 150-. 



spent in compressing gas. San Roberto, 

 P. di. Tor. At. Ac. Sc. 1 (1866) 283-. 



2415 The Second Law. Carnot 

 Cycles. Entropy and Available 

 Energy. Irreversible Pheno- 

 mena. Free Energy and 

 Thermodynamic Potentials. 



Animal motion and theory of heat. Him, 



G. A. Moigno Cosmos 21 (1862) 256-. 

 Availability of normal temperature heat-energy. 



Preston, S. T. Nt. 18 (1878) 92-. 

 Available energy. Gouy, . J. de Ps. 8 



(1889) 501-. 

 , loss. Walden, P. Eiga Cor.-Bl. 42 



(1899) 181-. 

 Carnot-Clausius law, simplified derivation. 



Farkas, G. Mth. Nt. B. Ung. 12 (1895) 



282-. 

 principle. Planck, M. A. Ps. C. 46 



(1892) 162-. 

 Garnet's cycle, defect in usual proofs. 



MacGregor, J. G. [1889] N. Scotia I. Sc. 



P. & T. 7 (1890) 227-. 



function. Bertrand, J. C. E. 105 (1887) 

 477-. 



and absolute temperature. Lippmann, G. 



C. E. 95 (1882) 1058-. 



principle and animal and vegetable life. 

 Parker, J. Camb. Ph. S. P. 8 (1895) 

 6. 



, application to endo thermic reactions. 

 Pellat, H. Par. S. Phlm. Bll. 12 (1888) 

 98-. 



, applications. Moutier, J. (x) Par. S. 



Phlm. Bll. 10 (1873) 73-. 



, conclusions from. Sreznevskii, B. I. 

 (xn) Es. Ps.-C. S. J. 15 (Ps., Pt. 1) (1883) 

 39-; J. de Ps. 3 (1884) 456-. 



and cycle. Casalonga, D. A. As. Fr. 



C. E. (1891) (Pt. 1) 178. 



242 



