2425 Absolute Temperature 



Thermodynamic potentials. Beltrami, E. 



Em. E. Ac. Line. Ed. 4 (1895) (Sem. 1) 



473-. 

 , thermokinetic properties. Natanson, W. 



[1897] Krk. Ak. (Mt.-Prz.) Ez. 14 (1899) 



67-; Z. Ps. C. 24 (1897) 302-. 

 Thermodynamics and permanent deformations. 



Brillouin, M. C. E. 106 (1888) 416-, 482-, 



537-, 589-; J. de Ps. 7 (1888) 327-; 8 (1889) 



169-. 

 , recent progress. Kowalski, J. Prace Mt.- 



Fiz. 3 (1892) 143-. 



Transformation of energy, general law. Ran- 

 king, W. J. M. Ph. Mg. 5 (1853) 106-. 

 forces. BUchner, . [1892] [Pollich. 



(47-53) (1888-95)] 104-. 

 "Unique case," principle of. Ostwald, W. 



Leip. Mth. Ps. B. 45 (1893) 599-; 46 (1894) 



276-; 47 (1895) 37. 

 , (Ostwald). Lie, S. Leip. Mth. 



Ps. B. 46 (1894) 135-. 

 Universal change, finality, question regarding 



one of the physical premisses upon which it 



is based. Preston, S. T. Ph. Mg. 10 (1880) 



338-. 

 Universe, probable end. Kirwan, C. de. Ev. 



Quest. Sc. 34 (1893) 5-. 

 Vortex-theory in thermodynamics. Jougnet, 



. C. E. 131 (1900) 1190-. 

 Weyher's phenomena, theory. Gosiewski, W. 



Krk. Ak. (Mt.-Prz.) Ez. 19 (1889) 193- ; 



Ore. Ac. Sc. Bll. (1889) (No. 5) xxix-. 

 Work, quantity attainable by the reversible 



cycle of permanent gases. Oettingen, A. J. 



van. A. Ps. C. (Erganz.) 5 (1871) 540-. 



2425 Absolute Temperature and 

 its Determination. 



Highton, H. C. N. 23 (1871) 176-. 

 Schreber, K. A. Ps. C. 64 (1898) 163-. 

 Auerbach, F. A. Ps. C. 64 (1898) 754-. 

 (Auerbach.) Schreber, K. A. Ps. C. 65 (1898) 



648-. 



Wiedeburg, 0. A. Ps. C. 65 (1898) 921-. 

 Schreber, K. A. Ps. C. 66 (1898) 1186-. 

 Absolute method of graduating a thermometer, 



Kelvin's. Eose-Innes, J. L. Ps. S. P. 



16 (1899) 26-; Ph. Mg. 45 (1898) 227-. 



scale of temperature, numerical evalua- 

 tion. Lehfeldt, R. A. Ph. Mg. 45 (1898) 

 363-. 



thermometric scale founded on Carnot's 

 theory of heat. Thomson, (Sir) W. [1848] 

 (vm) Camb. Ph. S. P. 1 (1866) 66-. 



Analytical expression. Lippmann, G. J. de 



Ps. 3 (1884) 277-. 

 Determination. Lorenz, L. Kjob. Ov. (1872) 



1-; A. Ps. C. 147 (1872) 429-. 

 . Boltzmann, L. Munch. Ak. Sb. 23 (1894) 



321-. 



and definition. Lippmann, G. J. de Ps. 

 3 (1884) 53-. 



Dimensions. Abraham, H. C. E. 116 (1893) 

 1123-. 



Thermodynamic Relations 2435 



Fluid friction. Thomson, (Sir) W. Ph. Mg. 1 



(*1851) 474. 

 (Thomson). Clausius, R. Ph. Mg. 



2 (1851) 139-. 

 Heat, mechanical action, especially in gases 



and vapours. Rankine, W. J. M. [1850] 



Edinb. E. S. T. 20 (1853) 147-. 

 , theory, use of absolute temperature. 



Dupre, A. C. E. 60 (1865) 1024-. 

 Intrinsic energy and absolute temperature. 



Grassi, G. Mil. I. Lomb. Ed. 8 (1875) 599-. 

 Steam, behaviour on expansion under different 



circumstances. Clausius, R. Pogg. A. 82 



(1851) 263-. 

 , property connected with theory of steam 



engine. Tlwmson, (Sir) W. Ph. Mg. 37 



(1850) 386-. 

 Thermal effects of air rushing through small 



apertures. Joule, J. P., & Thomson, W. 



Ph. Mg. 4 (1852) 481 -. 

 elastic fluids . Joule, J. P., & Thomson , 



W. B. A. Ep. (1861) (Pt. 2) 83-. 

 fluids in motion. Joule, J. P., & 



Thomson, W. Phil. Trans. (1853) 357-; 



(1854) 321- ; E. S. P. 10 (1859-60) 502; 



Phil. Trans. (1862) 579-. 

 ; temperature effects on solids 



exposed. Joule, J. P., & Thomson, W. E. 



S. P. 8 (1856-57) 41-, 178-, 556-; Phil. 



Trans. (1860) 325-. 



2435 Special Thermodynamic 

 Relations. 



Freeman, A. [1872] Mess. Mth. 2 (1873) 



Ramsay, W., <& Young, S. L. Ps. S. P. 



7 (1886) 289-, 307-, 327-; Ph. Mg. 20 (1885 

 515- ; 21 (1886) 33-, 135-. 



(Eamsay and Young.) Ayrton, W. E. , & Perry, 

 J. L. Ps. S. P. 7 (1886) 368-; Ph. Mg. 

 21 (1886) 255-. 



Ramsay, W., & Young, S. L. Ps. S. P. 



8 (1887) 56-; Ph. Mg. 22 (1886) 32-. 

 Adiabatic atmosphere, heat required for con- 

 version into existing state. U. S. Weather 

 Bureau. U. S. Weath. Bur. Ep. (1898-99) 

 (2) 750-. 



changes of state. Ritter, A. A. Ps. C. 

 37 (1889) 44-, 633-; 40 (1890) 356-. 



of crystal, solid and liquid. 

 Tammann, G. [1899-1900] Dorpat Sb. 12 

 (1901) 270- ; A. Ps. 1 (1900) 275-. 



temperature and pressure in gases. 

 Antoine, C. C. E. 106 (1888) 57-, 116-. 



coefficient of elasticity. Moutier, J. J. de 

 Ps. 1 (1872) 222-. 



compression of air. Avogadro, A. [1828] 

 Tor. Mm. Ac. 33 (1829) 237-. 



condensation. Heath, J. M. Ph. Mg. 

 41 (1871) 127-. 



expansion of gas, internal work. Moutier, 

 J. C. E. 74 (1872) 1095-. 



vapours. Duhem, P. J. de Ps. 



1 (1892) 470-. 



246 



