3050 Optical Systems. Cardinal Points. Theory of Images 3050 



Bay systems, theory. Kummer, E. E. Crelle 



J. 57 (1860) 189-. 

 , of refraction. Gleichen, A. A. Ps. 



C. 35 (1888) 100-. 



Bays, crossing. Baily, W. L. Ps. S. P. 5 



(1884) 285-; Ph. Mg. 16 (1883) 58-. 

 , groups, general properties. Gergonne, J. 



D. [1823] Gergonne A. Mth. 14 (1823-24) 

 129-. 



of light and heat, concentration. Clausius, 

 R. [1863] (vn) A. Ps. C. 121 (1864) 1-. 



or heat, groups, origin, variety and 



polarisation. Issaly, (I'abbe) . Bordeaux 

 S. Sc. Mm. 5 (1895) 437-. 



, , polarising properties. 

 Issaly, (Vabbe) . Bordeaux S. Sc. Mm. 1 

 (1896) 361- ; 3 (1899) 1-. 



, pencil, path through prism. Gleichen, A. 

 Cztg. Opt. 10 (1889) 206-. 



, , refraction of infinitely thin. Neu- 

 mann, C. G. Leip. Mth. Ps. B. 32 (1880) 

 42-. 



, pencils, experimental investigation. 

 Quincke, G. Berl. Mb. (1862) 498-. 



Shadow phenomenon, peculiar. Birkine, S. de. 

 Pogg. A. 100 (1857) 98. 



of surface of revolution in parallel light. 

 Koutny, E. Wien Sb. 55 (1867) (Ab. 2) 

 215-. 



Shadows, forms. Bordoni, A. Brugnatelli G. 

 8 (1815) 284-. 



, 2, of same object, one direct, the other by 

 reflection from water. Preaubert, E. [1871] 

 (xn) Angers S. Sc. Bll. 1 (1872) 19-. 



Solar beams, convergency to point opposite 

 sun. Brewster, (Sir) D. (vi Adds.) Edinb. 

 J. Sc. 2 (1825) 136-. 



, divergent and convergent. Necker de 



Saussure, L. A. Edinb. J. Sc. 6 (1832) 

 251- ; Ph. Mg. 1 (1832) 329-; A. C. 70 

 (1839) 113-, 225-; C. B. 8 (1839) 32-. 



3050 Optical Systems. Cardinal 

 Points. Theory of Images. 



Apparatus for projecting all rays emitted by 

 luminous point. Pilven, G. (xn) Brest S. 

 Ac. Bll. 5 (1869) 182-. 



Calculating machine, 



= 

 a b 



Net- 



son, E. M. [1896] Mcr. S. J. (1 



CABDINAL POINTS. 



Gauss, C. F. [1840] Gott. Ab. 1 (1838-41) 1-. 

 (Gauss.) Biot, J. B. C. B. 12 (1841) 407-. 

 ( ) Bravais, A. A. C. 33 (1851) 494-; 



Liouv. J. Mth. 1 (1856) 51-. 

 ( .) Martin, A. [1866] A. C. 10 (1867) 385-. 

 Casorati, F. Mil. I. Lomb. Bd. 5 (1872) 



179-. 

 (Gauss.) Sampson, R. A. [1897] L. Mth. S. 



P. 29 (1898) 33-. 

 of afocal dioptric systems. Matthiessen, L. 



Cztg. Opt. 12 (1891) 181-. 



of coaxial dioptric systems (work of Gauss and 

 Listing). Guebhard, A. A. d'Ocul. 1 (1879) 

 195-. 



. Jadanza, N. Tor. Ac. Sc. At. 



20 (1885) 917-. 



refracting system. Drews, C. Exner 

 Bpm. 25 (1889) 705-. 



system of spherical lenses, method of 



calculating the 6. Matthiessen, H. F. L. 

 Z. Mth. Ps. 22 (1877) 299-. 



correlated to Bravais's points. Lefebvre, P. C. 



B. 128 (1899) 930-, 1320-. 



of dioptric-catoptric system, etc. Matthiessen, 



L. Z. Mth. Ps. 32 (1887) 170-. 

 and foci of lens system. Zincken genannt 



Sommer, H. Berl. Ak. Mb. (1876) 123-. 

 . Hoppe, E. A. Ps. C. 160 



(1877) 169-. 

 of optical instruments. Gallop, E. G. Mess. 



Mth. 23 (1894) 81-. 

 , experimental determination. Gariel, 



C. M. Par. S. Ps. Se\ (1887) 186-. 



system. Cornu, A. As. Fr. C. B. 4 



(1875) 353. 



system of lenses, construction. Koppe, M. 

 Arch. Mth. Ps. 66 (1881) 405-. 



refracting spherical surfaces. Lip- 



pich, F. Steierm. Mt. 2 (Heft 3) (1871) 429-. 



. Matthiessen, L. Z. Mth. 



Ps. 29 (1884) 343-. 



, number. Topler, A. [1870] 



A. Ps. C. 142 (1871) 232-. 



thick lenses. Getschmann, R. Exner Bpm. 

 26 (1890) 247-. 



Congruences formed by optical axes, and sur- 

 faces of constant total curvature. Cosserat, 

 E. Toul. Fac. Sc. A. 8 (1894) C, 3 pp. 



Constants of telescope, determination. Kellner, 

 H. Z. Instk. 20 (1900) 1-, 33-. 



Dioptric foci. Wand, T. Carl Bpm. 15 (1879) 

 516-. 



Dioptrics of coaxial spherical surfaces. Lang, 

 V. von. Wien Sb. 63 (1871) (Ab. 2) 666-. 



, fundamental formulae. Bessel, F. W. As. 

 Nr. 18 (1841) 97-. 



, graphical. Kessler, F. Z. Mth. Ps. 29 

 (1884) 65-. 



, treatment of problems. Kobald, E. 

 Mh. Mth. Ps. 2 (1891) 131-. 



, principal theorems. Clausen, T. As. Nr. 

 18 (1841) 135-. 



Double sphere, focus. Giltay, E. Z. Ws. Mkr. 

 1 (1884) 479-. 



Focal lines and caustics, inverse problem. 

 Strauch, G. W. [1859] Wien D. 20 (1862) 

 227-. 



Isophotal curves on revolution surfaces, singu- 

 larities. Tesaf, J. Prag Sb. (1888) (Mth.- 

 Nt.) 355-. 



Ophthalmoscopy, mathematics. Philipsen, . 

 A. d'Ocul. 107 (1892) 177-, 472. 



Optical constructions, calculation. Steinheil, A. 

 Munch. Sb. (1867) (2) 284-. 



phenomenon. Herschel, J. Science 3 (1884) 

 704. 



problems. Gergonne, J. D. [1825] Ger- 

 gonne A. Mth. 16 (1825-26) 65-. 



298 



