vi ANTENNATA SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 441 



Sub-Order 4. Homoptera. 



Fore-and hind-wings similar in shape and membranous, but the fore-wings are 

 always somewhat harder. Cicada, Fulgora, Pscudophana, Centrotus, Aphrophora, 

 Tettigonia, Ledra, etc. 



Order 9. Neuroptera. 



Insects with complete metamorphosis and biting mouth parts. 2 pairs of 



membranous glassy wings, closely reticulate. Fam. Megaloptera : Myrmeleon, 



Mantispa, Hcmerobius, Chrysopa. Fam. Sialidce : larvse mostly in water, with 

 trachea! gills. Sialis, Corydalis, Raphidia. 



Order 10. Panorpata. 



Insects with complete metamorphosis and biting mouth parts. 2 pairs of narrow 

 membranous wings, widely reticulate. Larvse catterpillar-like. Panorpa, Bittacus, 

 Boreus (wings rudimentary). 



Order 11. Trichoptera (Phryganidae), Caddis-flies. 



Insects with complete metamorphosis. Mandibles rudimentary. Maxillse form 

 a membranous blunt proboscis. Body mostly hairy, less frequently scaly. Hind- 

 wings generally larger than the fore-wings, folding like a fan. The larvse, which 

 resemble those of cockchafers, live in tubes or cases chiefly in the water, have 

 tracheal gills, and are apneustic. Phryganea, Limnophilus, Halesus, Hydropsyche, 

 Mystacides, etc. 



Order 12. Siphonaptera sive Aphaniptera, Fleas. 



Insects with complete metamorphosis, with piercing and sucking mouth parts. 

 No wings. No facet eyes. Parasites. Pulex, Sarcopsylla, Ceratopsyllus. 



Order 13. Coleoptera, Beetles. 



Insects with complete metamorphosis and biting mouth parts. Fore-wings as 

 horny wing cases (elytra). Hind-wings membranous, can fold transversely and longi- 

 tudinally, serve exclusively for flight. Larvse variously shaped, often Thysanura-like, 

 occasionally like the cockchafer larvse, seldom limbless (Curculionidce), with biting 

 mouth parts. Several thousand genera with over 80,000 species. 



Sub-Order 1. Cryptotetramera. 



The tarsi are four -jointed, one joint being rudimentary. Fam. Coccinellidce, 

 EndomychidcK. 



Sub-Order 2. Cryptopentamera. 



Tarsi five -jointed, one joint being reduced and hidden. Fam. Chrysomelidce, 

 Cerambycidce, Curculionidce, Bostrychidce, etc. 



Sub-Order 3. Heteromera. 



Tarsi of the two anterior pairs of legs five-jointed, those of the posterior pairs 

 four-jointed. Fam. Meloidce (Cantharidce), Rhipiphoridoe, Tenebrionidce, (Edemeridce, 

 Cistelidce, etc. 



