VI 



ARACHNOIDEA RESPIRATORY ORGANS 



531 



The Scorpionidce, Pedipalpi, and the tetrapneumonic Araneidce 

 (Mygalidce) have only book-leaf tracheae. In the dipneumonic Araneidce 

 book-leaf and tubular tracheae exist simultaneously. 



Number and Position of the Stigmata. 



The Scorpionidce possess 4 pairs of book-leaf tracheae and 4 pairs of stigmata, 

 lying laterally on the ventral, side of the 3d to the 8th abdominal segments 

 (Fig. 362, p. 517). 



The Pedipalpi have 2 pairs of 

 book -leaf tracheae with 2 pairs of 

 stigmata on the ventral side of the 

 2d and .3d abdominal segments (Fig. 

 364, p. 519). 



Among the Araneidce the ar- 

 rangements are different in the Tetra- 

 pneumones and the Dipneumones. 

 The Tetrapneumones (Mygalidce} 

 have 2 pairs of book -leaf tracheae 

 and 2 pairs of stigmata (Fig. 374, 

 ft, s) lying on the ventral side of 

 the base of the abdomen. The Di- 

 pneumones have only one pair of 

 book -leaf tracheae, corresponding 

 with the anterior pair of the Tetra- 

 pneumones. Besides these, however, 



they have, as the equivalent of the - \s$^ ^ -'(iVj^LJ^^ffW - 



second pair of book-leaf tracheae 

 of the Tetrapneumones tubular 

 tracheae, which generally open 

 through an unpaired stigma in the 

 shape of a transverse fissure placed 

 far back on the abdomen. This 

 unpaired stigma no doubt arises 

 from a posteriorly placed pair of 

 stigmata, which have united. This 

 supposition is supported by the fact 

 that in some Araneidce (Dysdera, 

 Segestria, Argyroneta} two separate 

 more anteriorly placed stigmata for 

 the tubular tracheae occur (behind 

 the pair for the book-leaf tracheae), 

 and also by the circumstance that 

 in a few cases (Dictyna] the tracheal 

 trunks which open through the un- 

 paired stigma are distinctly recog- 

 nisable as double. 



The Solpugidce have tubular 

 tracheae with tree - like ramifica- 



FIG. 374. Mygale, from the ventral side. The 

 ventral wall of the cephalo-thorax removed to show the 

 large cephalo-thoracic ganglion (bg) and the 2d small 

 ganglion at the base of the abdomen. The ventral wall 

 of the abdomen on the left side opened out. m, Ventral 

 muscles of the abdomen ; I, lamellae of the book-leaf 

 trachete; ft, book-leaf _ tracheae; s, stigmata of the 

 same ; ov, ovary ; sp, spinning mammillae ; 1-6, 1st to 

 6th pairs of extremities. 2-6, not completely drawn 

 (Regne animal). 



tions, opening through 3 pairs of 

 stigmata, the first pair lying in the first thoracic segment, the second and third pairs 

 in the second and third abdominal segments. The position of the first pair of stig- 

 mata in the thorax deserves to be specially noted. 



