xii COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 



PAGE 



B. SPECIAL ........ 201 



1. AMPHINETJRA . . ... . . .201 



2. GASTROPODA ....... 201 



3. SCAPHOPODA ....... 206 



4. LAMELLIBRANCHIA ...... 206 



5. CEPHALOPODA ....... 208 



XVIII. THE BODY CAVITY . . . . . . .211 



XIX. THE NEPHRIDIA . . .... 215 



A. AMPHINEURA ....... 216 



B. GASTROPODA . . . . . . .217 



C. SCAPHOPODA ....... 221 



D. LAMELLIBRANCHIA . . . . . . .221 



E. CEPHALOPODA . . . . . . . 222 



XX. GENITAL ORGANS ... ... 225 



A. GENERAL . . .'.... . . . . 225 



B. SPECIAL ........ 227 



XXI. PARASITIC GASTROPODA ...... 244 



XXII. ATTACHED GASTROPODA ...... 248 



XXIII. ONTOGENY ........ 248 



A. AMPHINEURA ....... 248 



B. GASTROPODA ....... 252 



XXIV. PHYLOGENY .... ... 268 



Review of the most Important Literature . . . .269 



APPENDAGE, RHODOPE VERANII . . . 281 



CHAPTER VIII 



ECHINODERMATA 



Systematic Review . . . . . . . .285 



CLASS I. HOLOTHURIOIDEA ..... 285 



II. ECHINOIDEA ....... 288 



III. ASTEROIDEA ....... 295 



IV. OPHIUROIDEA ....... 299 



V. PELMATOZOA ....... 302 



1. CRINOIDEA ....... 302 



2. CYSTTDEA ....... 313 



3. BLASTOIDEA . . . . . . .314 



I. GENERAL MORPHOLOGY or THE ECHINODERM BODY . . 315 



II. MORPHOLOGY OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM . 317 



