480 



VOICE AND SPEECH. 



exactly the opposite effect, and close the glottis (Fig. 174, 4 

 and 5). 



The aperture of the glottis can be also contracted by the 

 arytenoid muscle (, Fig. 173, and 6, Fig. 174), which, in its 



FIG. 172. 



Three laryngoscopic views of the superior aperture of the larynx and surrounding 



parts and different states of the glottis during life (from Czermak). 

 A, the glottis during the emission of a high note in singing ; B, in easy and quiet 

 inhalation of air; C, in the state of widest possible dilatation, as in inhaling a very 

 deep breath. The diagrams A', B', and C', have been added to Czermak's figures, to 

 show in horizontal sections of the glottis the position of the vocal ligaments and aryt- 

 enoid cartilages in the three several states represented in the other figures. In all 

 the figures, so far as marked, the letters indicate the parts as follows, viz. : I, the base 

 of the tongue; e, the upper free part of the epiglottis; e', the tubercle or cushion of 

 the epiglottis ; ph, part of the anterior wall of the pharynx behind the larynx ; in the 

 margin of the aryteno-epiglottidean fold, w, the swelling of the membrane caused by 

 the cartilages of Wrisberg ; s, that of the cartilages of Santorini ; a, the tip or summit 

 of the arytenoid cartilages; c v, the true vocal cords or lips of the rima glottidis ; c vs, 

 the superior or false vocal cords; between them the ventricle of the larynx ; in C, tr 

 is placed on the anterior wall of the receding trachea, and b indicates the commence- 

 ment of the two bronchi beyond the bifurcation which may be brought into view in 

 this state of extreme dilatation (from Quain's Anatomy). 



