SHALLOW-WATER STARFISHES 91 



interbrachial areas and intermarginal channels. The actinal spines 

 bear small clusters of minor pedicellariae on their outer sides. 



This species appears to be very distinct from all others. Perrier 

 placed it as a synonym of his A. katherina=P. grayi Ver., to which 

 it bears some little resemblance in form. He was probably misled by 

 Stimpson's very poor description. 



Nothing is known concerning its range. Stimpson's original 

 record is the only authentic locality known to me. Some of the 

 localities recorded are due to errors. 



PISASTER PAPULOSUS Verrill. 



Plate XLII, figure i; plate XLIII, figure i; plate LX, figure i; plate LXXVI, 

 figures 2-2d (details) ; plate LXXX, figure 4. 



Pisaster papulosus VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. xxviii, p. 63, 1909. 



The type of this species is a large dry five-rayed specimen, in 

 excellent condition, taken in Puget Sound and sent to me by Pro- 

 fessor T. Kincaid. A specimen received from the Provincial 

 Museum of British Columbia, through Dr. C. F. Newcombe, but not 

 in so good preservation, is much larger (diameter, 28 inches or 

 660 mm.). Thus, when full-grown it is one of the largest starfishes 

 yet discovered. 



The disk is large and remarkably high and plump, with a raised 

 central pentagon, bearing ten groups of spines on the angles and 

 sides, besides a central group; from the radial angles carinal radial 

 rows of spines run to the tips of the arms, which are long, rather 

 stout at the base, but regularly tapered to acute tips. 



The radii of the type are 42 mm. and 215 mm. to 225 mm. ; ratio, 

 about i : 5.25 ; breadth of rays at base, 45 mm. ; elevation of disk, 

 46 mm.; length of dorsal spines, 4 mm.; diameter, i mm.; length 

 of larger ventral spines, 3 mm. to 4 mm. ; diameter, 2 mm. to 2.5 mm. 



The dorsal surface is covered with an integument that conceals the 

 ossicles. The papular areas are large and numerous; a conspicuous 

 row runs along each side of the median radial row of spines, and 

 there are several less regular rows on each side. The papulae are 

 very numerous and small, darker than the surrounding integument, 

 which is light yellowish orange in the dried specimen; the papular 

 areas brown. 



The dorsal spines are large, few, and mostly isolated, but they 

 form a distinct, simple, radial or carinal row, one to a plate, proxi- 

 mally, but on the distal third of the ray these spines become more 

 distant and the row less distinct. 



