SHALLOW-WATER STARFISHES 22Q 



The structure of the skeleton of this species has been beautifully 

 illustrated by Mr. A. Agassiz (N. Amer. Starfishes, pi. xvm 1 ), and 

 in some particulars by Viguier (1878, pi. vn). 



The distribution of H. sanguinolenta is circumpolar. It is known 

 from Greenland and the Arctic Ocean generally; on the coasts of 

 northern Europe to Great Britain, Ireland, France, Biscay Bay, 

 Spitzbergen, Iceland, White Sea, Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Okhotsk 

 Sea, etc. ; also off the Azores. On the northeastern American coast 

 it is very common from Labrador to Long Island Sound, in shallow 

 water (o to 60 fathoms). Common in the cold area south of 

 Martha's Vineyard, in 10 to 60 fathoms. It is also found off Cape 

 Hatteras and North Carolina in similar depths. Taken at more than 

 four hundred stations between N. lat. 47 29' and 35 38', by the 

 U. S. Fish Commission. It occurs sparingly in the eastern part of 

 Long Island Sound, at Fisher's Island, Gardiner's Island, and west- 

 ward to Outer Island, near New Haven. Bathymetrical normal 

 range is o to 500 fathoms. In the Bay of Fundy and on the coast 

 of Maine it is common between tides. Off New Jersey, in 1350 

 fathoms (teste Sladen). Rare below 300 fathoms off the Atlantic 

 coast. Faroe Channel, 125 to 555 fathoms (Sladen). 



On the northwest coast of America the typical form and varieties 

 have been recorded from several localities in Bering Sea and Bering 

 Strait and in the adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean, as well as 

 from farther south. It is probable, however, that many of the more 

 southern shallow-water records refer to one of the other species, or 

 to varieties of H. leviuscula. I have not seen it in the collections 

 from southeastern Alaska, and farther south, in shallow water. 



I have examined Pacific specimens from the following places : Off 

 Point Franklin, ten miles, in 13.5 fathoms, sand, 1883 (Murdoch, 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 76231, variety, very large, dry) ; Popoff 

 Strait (W. H. Dall, 1872, one dry, var. pectinata, No. 561 (924), 

 U. S. Nat. Mus.) ; Bering Island (N. Grebnitsky, November, 1889, 

 U. S. Nat. Mus.). 



Dr. Fisher (1911^) records it from thirty-seven stations in 30 to 

 344 fathoms, from Bering Sea to .the Kuril Islands; and on the 

 American side south to Washington (67 fathoms, one specimen). 

 Nearly all of his localities are in the vicinity of the Aleutian Islands 

 or farther north. 



Mr. Ives recorded it from Japan, but his figures appear to represent 

 a distinct species. It differs in its much looser dorsal reticulations 



1 The marginal ossicles in his figs, i and 4 are represented as more regular 

 and symmetrical than they usually are in nature. 



