292 ZOOLOGY 



enemies. Broadly speaking, however, there can be 

 little doubt that the facts are essentially as Bates and 

 Miiller indicated, although when we come to details 

 there are complications and exceptions. The butter- 

 flies have been in course of evolution for a very long 

 time, and what they are today depends very largely 

 on conditions existing in the past, of which we have 

 little or no knowledge. 



Cases are known in which the "protected" butter- 

 flies, as though conscious of their immunity, fly in a 

 slow and leisurely manner, almost inviting inspection. 

 Their mimics, although belonging to another group, 

 which usually flies rapidly, imitate the leisurely flight. 

 It is a little difficult for us to believe, as we must be- 

 lieve, that this "bluff" is wholly unconscious. 



References 



WALLACE, A. R. Darwinism, Chapter IX. 



ELTRINGHAM, H. African Mimetic Butterflies. An expensive book, with 



beautiful illustrations, which may be examined in large libraries. 

 SCUDDER, S. H. The Life of a Butterfly. Henry Holt & Co. 

 HOLLAND, W. J. The Butterfly Book and The Moth Book. Doubleday, 



Page & Co. 



