ology asks: What can these things mean, if they do not 

 mean evolution and a common ancestry with other forms? 

 The objection that no one has ever seen a one-celled organ- 

 ism evolve into a many-celled one, or into a fish or an ape, 

 or into a man, the zoologist answers by placing upon the 

 table the evidence that a single-cell, the human egg, actu- 

 ally does compass the whole history in becoming the almost 

 inconceivably complex adult organism. The process can 

 take place for it does take place. Paleontology also pre- 

 sents evidence relating to the history of our species, as the 

 third support of the tripod upon which rests the doctrine 

 of human evolution. While opinions differ with respect 

 to the remains of man taken from the many caves and 

 mounds of Europe and America, there is but one generally 

 accepted view regarding the ape-man Pithecanthropus of 

 the Javan rocks. The remains of this animal prove among 

 other things that its brain was intermediate between the 

 average ape brain and the average human brain, that the 

 animal w r as indeed an ape-man and nothing else. 



Science holds furthermore that natural factors alone 

 have brought about human evolution. While it is true that 

 the explanation is no more complete for this special in- 

 stance than it is for animals in general, yet the human 

 species is not exempt from the control of the known fac- 

 tors, like those which cause variation or govern inheritance. 

 Indeed some of the significant facts of heredity have been 

 first made out in the human species. Can we doubt the 

 reality of selection and the struggle for existence when 

 scoreis perish annually in the conflict with extreme degrees 

 of temperature and other environmental forces, when as a 

 result of the unceasing combat with bacterial enemies , 

 alone the casualties on the human side number in our coun- 

 try more than a hundred thousand annually? 



To the zoologist it seems strange that there is so much 

 opposition to the doctrine of human evolution. In truth 



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