DIFFERENT FORMS OF STAR-FISHES. 115 



pentagonal, with five short arms. The fine large Solaster 

 endeca Retzius has eleven smooth arms ; it lives in deep 

 water. Crossaster papposus (Miiller and Troschel) is com- 

 mon on a rocky bottom, in from twenty to eighty fathoms, 

 from the Gulf of Maine northward ; it is bright red, and has 

 thirteen to fourteen spinulated arms. Cribella sanguin- 

 olenta, Liitken is a common species on the coast of New 



Fig. 7t.Arc7iaster vexillifer, under side ; natural size. After Wy vine-Thompson. 



England below low-water mark, and is in some respects like 

 Crossaster. 



More closely allied to Asterias is the Pacific Coast Pycno- 

 podia helianthoides Stimpson, which ranges from Sitka to 

 Mendocino, Cal. It is very common in Puget Sound, under 

 wharves. Asterias vulgaris Stimpson represents, on the 

 northeastern coast, the A. rubens of Europe. Asterias 

 polaris (M. and T.) has six arms, and is over twelve inches 



