STRUCTURE OF BRACHIOPODS. 191 



but with no ganglionic enlargements, except in Distinct, 

 where they terminate each by a ganglion in the last two 

 posterior muscles. Morse has discovered the presence of 

 auditory capsules in Lingula. 



Respiration is mainly carried on in the mantle (pallial 

 membrane). In Lingula the pallial membrane is divided 

 into oblique transverse sinuses, which 

 run parallel to each other. From 

 these arise, says Morse, numerous 

 flattened ampullae, which are highly 

 Fig. lao-Ampuii* of blood contractile. The blood courses in 

 sinu-es, showing course taken regular order up and down these 



by the blood. After Morse. . l 



sinuses, entering each 01 the ampullae 



in turn. Fig. 130 represents a row of five ampullae with in- 

 dications of the course taken by the blood-disks. These 

 ampullae have not been found in Distinct, though the pallial 

 sinuses are very prominent. The breathing process is also 

 carried on in the tentacles or cirri. 



Intimately connected with the vascular system is a gland- 

 ular portion of the tubular part of the segmental organs of 

 the Bracliiopoda, which is 

 supposed to represent simi- 

 lar parts in worms as well 

 as the glandular, excretory 

 portion of the organ of 

 Bojanus in mollusks, and is 

 supposed to be depuratory 

 or renal in function. 



The reproductive system 

 of Bracliiopoda consists of 

 ovaries, oviducts or seg- 



,<.! T7I- -101 Fie. 131. Segmental organs of Brachio- 



mental Organs, Jblg. 131, pod * a Discina ; b, Terebratuliua.-After 



and spermaries. The sexes 



po 

 Me 



are probably separate in all Bracliiopoda (Morse). 



The ovaries are attached in Distinct and Lingula to the 

 delicate vascular membranes of the large sinuses in the pal- 

 lial membranes, the vascular membranes being thrown into 

 conspicuous ruffs when the eggs are ripe. In Terebratulina 

 and Rynchonella they are not only similarly situated, but 



