350 



ZOOLOGY. 



out as the eggs pass out of the oviduct, thus surrounding 

 them with a tough coat. 



The external parts consist of the ovipositor (Fig. 278, B, 

 and Fig. 281), which is formed of two pairs of spines (rhab- 

 dites) adapted for boring into the earth ; and of the egg- 

 guide (Figs. 278 and 281, eg), a triangular flap guarding the 

 under side of the opening of the oviduct. 



'--to 



Fig. 296. Male sexual apparatus of a bark-beetle, aefcfenu ; "ff, MminaJ veekSe 



/, vas deferens ; ho, testis ; bl, seminal vesicle ; ay, 

 ductus ejaculatorius. After Graber. 



. 



of Achtta 'campestris.Mier 

 Gegenbaur. 



There is a remarkable uniformity in the mode of develop- 

 ment of the winged insects. In general, after fertilization 

 of the egg, a few cells appear at one end of the egg ; these 

 multiply, forming a single layer around the egg, this layer 

 constituting the blastoderm. This layer thickens on one 

 side of the egg, forming a whitish patch called the primitive 

 streak or band. The blastoderm molts, 

 sloughing off an outer layer of cells, 

 a new layer forming beneath ; the skin 

 thus thrown off is called the serous 

 membrane ; the second germ-layer 

 (ectoderm) then arises, and a second 

 Section of sphinx membrane (called amnion, but not 



embryo, the germ immersed "hnrnnlnovma Tuifli fhaf r\f vorf aVkrnfo^ 

 in the yolk ; , serous mem- 1 >K)gOUS Wltll tnat 01 VerteDratCSj 



peels off from the primitive band just 

 as the appendages are budding out, so 

 that the body and appendages of the embryo insect are en- 

 cased in the amnion as the hand and fingers are encased by 

 a glove. As seen in the accompanying Figs. 298-303, the 



