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ZOOLOGY. 



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4544434241403938 37 36 35 34 .33 3231302928 27 26 25 24 



Fig. 452. Topography of a bird. 1, forehead (front) ; 2, lore ; 3, circumorular 

 region ; 4, crown (vertex) ; 5, eye ; fi, hind head (occiput) ; 7, nape (nucha) ; 8, hind 

 neck (cervix) ; 9, side of neck ; 10, interscapular region ; 11, dorsum or back proper, 

 including 10; 12, notceum, or upper part of body proper, including 10. 11 and 13; 

 13, rump (uropygium); 14, upper tail coverts; 15, tail ; 16, under tail coverts ; 17, 

 tarsus ; 18, abdomen ; 19, hind toe (hallux) ; 20, qastrwum, including 18 and 24 ; 21, 

 outer or fourth toe ; 22, middle or third toe ; 23, side of the body ; 24, breast (pectus); 

 25. primaries; 26, secondaries ; 27, tertiaries, Nos. 25, 26, 27 are all remiges; 28, 

 primary coverts ; 29, alula, or bastard wing ; 30. greater coverts ; 31, median coverts ; 

 32, lesser coverts : .33, the "throat," including 34, 37 and 38; 34, jugulum, or lower 

 throat : 35, auriculars ; 36, malar region ; 37, gula or middle throat ; 38, mentum or 

 chin ; 39, angle of commissure, or corner of mouth ; 40, ramus of under man- 

 dible ; 41, side of under mandible ; 42, gonys ; 43, apex, or tip of bill ; 44, tomia. or 

 cutting edges of the bill ; 45, oilmen, or ridge of upper mandible, corresponding to 

 gonys ; 46, side of upper mandible ; 47, nostril ; 48, passes across the bill a little in 

 front of its face. Prom Coues's Key. 



