SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. 465 



7. Library Helps. The library is quite as necessary to a 

 balanced course of zoology as the text-book, the teacher, or 

 the laboratory. First under this head may be considered 

 charts. The teacher should become as expert as possible in 

 making diagrams on the board before the eyes of the pupils. 

 These may be supplemented by charts made by the teacher, or 

 the pupils, by enlarging figures found in the text-books. Such 

 diagrams have a distinct advantage over the originals in that 

 they may be discussed while in view of the whole class. For 

 this purpose a good quality of light-colored wrapping paper 

 will serve, if better drawing paper cannot be had. Keuffel 

 and Esser (New York and Chicago) will send samples of 

 drawing paper on application. The outlines should be made 

 in water-colors with a suitable brush, in lines heavy enough to 

 be clearly visible across the room. Colors may be put on with 

 crayon and fixed by a spray of shellac. 



Photographs and lantern slides are of value in illustrating 

 the structure, development, and habits of animals. If the 

 school can command a lantern or a heliopticon, a collection of 

 lantern slides, selected in accordance with the special interests 

 of the teacher and pupils, becomes a great stimulus in natural 

 history work. If a large collection of books is impossible the 

 brief lists below will assist the teacher in selecting the most 

 helpful reference books for an elementary course. More ex- 

 tended bibliographical lists will be found in many of the books 

 cited. In a general way those considered most essential are 

 placed first under the main headings. A very good working 

 collection of books may be secured for about $150 to $200. 



In every written report demanding library work it is desira- 

 ble to have the student record in his paper a list of all the 

 references bearing on the subject. It is customary to arrange 

 the authorities alphabetically, together with such other facts 

 as are needed for ready reference. The following illustration 

 will serve to indicate what facts should be recorded : 

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