bodies, of melting in liquids, to form a mixture and 

 not a combination ; for in combination, bodies 

 unite to form other totally distinct bodies, and in a 

 mixture, the bodies although intimately bound up 

 retain their own properties, that is do not change 

 their nature. 



Oxygen unites with different bodies to form acids; 

 with sulphur it forms sulphuric acid, with carbon, 

 carbonic acid. Acids redden the blue tinge of 

 litmus. 



In uniting with other bodies, it forms oxides as 

 lime, potash, soda, composed of oxygen, and cal- 

 cium, potassium and sodium. 



These h^er bodies are called alkaline bases and 

 are the b^s-'s of alkaline salts. They bring back to 

 litmus the Jj'ue color, reddened by acids. 



Acids and oxides unite to form combinations, 

 which are called salts. Ex. limestone or carbonate 

 of lime, carbonate of potash and of soda are the re- 

 sults of the combination of carbonic acid with lime, 

 potash and soda. 



Sugar sometimes acts like an acid and unites 

 with lime to form sugar of lime. 



Bodies are dissolved, are melted in liquids and 

 form solutions. Sugar dissolves in water. 



The solution of a body is called concentrated, when 

 the liquid which contains it, contains all of the body, 

 that it can dissolve and no more than it can dissolve, 

 at a given temperature. In this case the liqufd is 

 said to be saturated with the body held in solution. 



