103 



The extraction of the juice, the filtering and 

 purifying of the sugar are in the first place the same 

 and the only difference is in the defecation, evapo- 

 ration and boiling down. 



The new system excels the old one, in that it is 

 really more simp'e in practic ^, that it is more econo- 

 mical and that it gives be'ter and finer results. 



For defecation a copper boiler with a. double bottom 

 is used, in which the. 1 sk?aui circulates. After each 

 operation this boiler is carefully cleaned. For evapo- 

 rating and boiling down, copper basins, with covers 

 surmounted by chimneys for the escape of the steam, 

 generated in the boiling, are used. These basins are 

 heated by steam in coils rolled at the bottom in 

 spirals. 



The press-fillers are replaced by an ordinary 

 screw or lever press. 



As after defecation there always remains too 

 much lime in the juice, the quantity of animal char- 

 coal is increased to 15 and 20 per 100 of the weight 

 of the juice to drive off this excess of lime. 



Defecation. 



The juice being brought to the boiler, it is ra- 

 pidly heated up to 180. Steam is then shut off and 

 2 gallons and a half of milk of lime at 20 Beaum6 

 is put into 100 gallons of the juice ; it is well mixed 

 with a stirrer and then slowly heated. 



Under the influence of the heat and the lime, the 

 organic substances contained in the juice aredecom 



