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the winter so as to ensure it working well in the 

 spring the condition of the land must be observed. If 

 the land lies in a very rough condition it may be left 

 alone ; if, however, it has been reduced to a fine state 

 it should be ploughed or ridged so as to keep it from 

 setting too hard during winter. In spring ordinary 

 methods will be sufficient to bring it into a suitable 

 condition for planting. The manuring should be 

 governed by the same rules as those which apply to 

 the manuring of land after a corn crop. 



Autumn Cleaning of Leys. 



If the ploughing of the land is deferred until the 

 autumn or approach of winter, when cleaning opera- 

 tions cannot be carried out, the ploughing should be 

 done in such a way as will conduce to the decay of the 

 root and such part of the plant as remains. It is very 

 important that the skim coulter shall pare off a large por- 

 tion of the surface, so that the growing part of the plants 

 may be buried. A less expeditious, but more effective, 

 method is to plough the furrow in two sections, arrang- 

 ing the work so that the surface may be turned to the 

 bottom of the furrow, and the lower portion of the 

 furrow-slice be turned on to that. When this is done 

 an advantage is sometimes gained, as the subsequent 

 operations may be restricted to the stirring of the top 

 furrow only. In ploughing the root of a " seed " crop 

 it is always necessary to have in view the operations it 

 will probably be advisable to execute in working the 

 land to a seed-bed, as the root may give trouble by 



