RESTFULNESS IN ANIMALS 97 



flock, or by those of some other species, and (8) unrest 

 growing out of sexual desire. All of these have the strength 

 of law. No one of them can be present without exacting 

 its proportionate penalty. 



Unrest and undue exposure. The injury resulting 

 from undue exposure has already been discussed with some 

 degree of fulness (see page 97), but not that arising from 

 excessive protection. Protection is excessive when it pro- 

 duces undue delicacy, permanently lowers stamina or les- 

 sens production. Delicacy is to some extent a question 

 of degree, and varies much with animals of the same species. 

 An animal becomes unduly delicate when it is no longer 

 able to fulfill the end for which it is kept without excessive 

 care on the part of the owner. A steer is too delicate for 

 range conditions if he cannot endure without hazard the 

 conditions to which all the animals of the herd are subjected. 

 A dairy cow is too delicate when she cannot successfully 

 endure any reasonable exposure required of the average 

 of the herd. Such delicacy may arise from various causes, 

 but more frequently from close housing in stables that are 

 too warm than from any other cause. 



Protection that lowers stamina as it were by insensible 

 degrees is excessive, even though it should not reach that 

 point which produces delicacy that is apparent. The cow is 

 overprotected that is kept standing in the stable all winter 

 without the opportunity for exercise, even though the con- 

 ditions for ventilation should be perfect. The ewe is over- 

 protected when kept even a portion of the time in a shed in 

 which the heat of the body becomes excessive under the 

 fleece which she carries. The colt is overprotected when its 

 environment is such that it is not encouraged to take all the 

 exercise it ought to have in the open air to produce high 

 development in frame, muscle, wind and limb. The loss 

 of stamina from such protection may be so gradual that 

 it can only be certainly measured by comparing one gener- 

 ation with the previous, and yet it may be going on all the 

 while. Overprotection combined with unwise protection 



