RESTFULNESS IN ANIMALS 99 



sought at a loss of energy that hinders growth or perform- 

 ance. They are excessive when they are taken to the extent 

 of producing digestive derangement or even temporary 

 discomfort. 



The sense of deprivation caused by hunger in animals 

 cannot be described by language, but it can be understood 

 in a way by every human being who knows what it is to be 

 hungry. It begets unrest. It is not when the lion's appe- 

 tite is satisfied that he ranges through the forest, but when 

 lie is hungry, even in the stall the animal will not be content 

 under such conditions. There is hindrance, therefore, to 

 growth or performance arising from the unrest growing out 

 of short supplies in addition to the hindrance to these aris- 

 ing from insufficient nutrition. 



Food given in excess produces discomfort for the time 

 being and if continued for any considerable length of time 

 will eventually derange digestion. There are some foods 

 which animals will not usually take in excess under normal 

 conditions. Grass is one of these and hay is another. 

 Wheat bran among meals stands almost alone in not pro- 

 ducing digestive disturbance under ordinary conditions, 

 though the animal should eat of it to the extent of satis- 

 fying the appetite, and oats among cereals comes the nearest 

 to accomplishing the same without injury. Notwithstand- 

 ing, grass under some conditions will lead to purging, hay 

 in some instances will hinder rather than help labor, as 

 when eaten by horses to excess, and the same is true of bran 

 and even of oats if eaten in excess by the running horse 

 just before a race. 



Other foods are only dangerous when eaten under 

 improper conditions, as for instance clover and rape pas- 

 ture, and yet are always harmful when eaten under such 

 conditions. Nearly all kinds of cereals and the by-prod- 

 ucts made from them are harmful but by no means equally 

 so when eaten in excess. Prolonged feeding of these : n 

 excess is certain to produce derangement of the digestive 

 organs. As soon as this occurs these become unable to 



