TYPE IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 14! 



Breeding," more especially the chapter therein on "Animal 

 Form an Index of Qualities." However, as standards in 

 previous works by the author have not been submitted re- 

 lating to the proper furnishings of animals selected for 

 feeding, the following brief explanations will be in order : 

 Uniformity is important because of its bearing upon even- 

 ness in quality and attractiveness and through these on 

 price. Size has an important bearing upon future possible 

 increase. The head and neck indicate in various ways ca- 

 pacity for development and the character and quality of 

 the same. The back has an important bearing upon the 

 character and hence upon the value of high-priced meat. 

 The development of the fore quarters influences weight, 

 and indicates measurably the degree of the stamina. The 

 barrel development indicates capacity for food consumption, 

 in its relation to possible production. The hind quarters 

 have an important bearing upon weight of relatively high- 

 priced meat. Legs short, straight and wide apart, usually 

 sustain compact and wide bodies. Handling qualities indi- 

 cate the character of the digestion and more especially of 

 the assimilation of food. The carriage is an indication of 

 health, vigor and disposition. 



Development in the framework of all immature animals 

 must continue until maturity, hence, the fattening of young 

 animals carries on development of the frame but in a less 

 degree relatively than of the flesh. In animals more ma- 

 ture, the development relates mainly to the clothing of the 

 framework with flesh and fat and in those mature entirely 

 so. In the latter, therefore, fattening affects only in a 

 slight degree the head in all its essentials, the chest capacity 

 and the size of the limbs. With reference to the head, chest 

 and limbs, therefore, the standards for the unfinished 

 and finished animals are virtually the same. But in various 

 other respects, the difference is marked. 



Prominent among those differences are the follow- 

 ing: (i) In the finished animal the entire body becomes 

 more massive and the carriage more labored; (2) the neck 



