144 FEEDIXC, FARM ANIMALS 



(b), The junction with the body should be well de- 

 fined, almost abrupt in character. 



5. Back. Narrow at the withers, wide at the loin, and 

 at least moderately so at the pin bones, and straight or 

 swayed according to individuality. 



(a), A straight back is to be preferred, other things 

 being equal, 



(b), The spinal column should be large, well de- 

 fined and open spaced, 



(c), There should be more or less downward slope 

 from the crupper to the outer edge of the hip. 



6. Fore quarters. Lighter than the hind quarters and 

 spare. 



(a), Withers, narrow, 



(b), Shoulders, not heavy, pronounced in their up- 

 ward slope toward one another, and more or less 

 abrupt in front, 



(c), Chest, wide through the heart and capacious, 

 (d), Breast, wide below, but not prominent, 

 (e), Brisket, wedge-shaped, 

 (f), Arm, inclining to light. 



7. Barrel. Long, deep, capacious, in a sense paunchy, 

 (a), Ribs, broad, wide-spaced, with a deep, down- 

 ward and outward spring, and much space between 

 the last rib and hook point, 



(b), Crops, steep, but not necessarily depressed, 



(c), Fore flanks, fairly well filled, 



(d), Hind flanks, thin but not sunken, 



(e), Underline, more or less sagged, 



(f), Girth, at least fairly good around the heart, and 



increasingly so at the hind flank. 



8. Hind quarters. Long, but varying somewhat in the 

 breeds, wide at top of the hips and coming well down, but 

 without fulness. 



(a), Hips, not heavy, but more heavy in some breeds, 

 (b), Thighs, inclining to light, thin and more or 

 less incurved, 



