TYPE IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 149 



(b), Of medium increasing width and depth toward 

 the shoulder, and joining the latter neither abruptly 

 nor so smoothly as in the beef breeds. 

 5. Back. Moderately wide at the withers, wide at the 

 loin and pin bones, and straight. 



6. Fore quarters. Nearly equal in development with the 

 hind quarters. 



(a), Withers moderately wide, 



(b), Shoulders large but not prominent, and pos- 

 sessed of medium upward and forward slope, 

 (c), Chest, wide through the heart, capacious, 

 (d), Breast, wide, moderately deep and full, 

 (e), Brisket, wide and but moderately full, 

 (f), Forearm, broad and but moderately full, 



7. Barrel. Long, deep, roomy, capacious. 



(a), Ribs, at least fairly well sprung and deep, well 

 spaced, easily discernible when the animal is giving 

 milk, and possessed of good space between the last 

 rib and hook point, 



(b), Crops, filled up nearly level with the shoulder, 

 when in fair flesh, 

 (c), Fore flanks, low and full, 



(d), Hind flanks, low, moderately full and of less 

 than medium thickness, 



(e), Girth, good at the heart and at least good at 

 the hind flank, 



(f), Underline straight, or slightly rounded down- 

 ward. 



8. Hind quarters. Long, wide, deep and but slightly 

 drooping away from the sacrum and crupper. 



(a), Hips straight on the sides, 



(b), Thighs, broad and in a line externally with 



the hips, and possessed of but little or no incurvature 



behind, 



(c), Buttocks, straight, or nearly so, 



(d), Pin bones, wide, but not prominent, 



(e), Twist, open and placed moderately low, 



