FOODS FROM BY-PRODUCTS' 2/5 



when properly prepared for feeding, they are a succuient 

 food. But they may also be used in feeding various other 

 domestic animals by adding them to the ration in moderate 

 quantities, to increase the protein in the same. Live stock 

 are not usually so fond of malt sprouts as of brewers' 

 grains, hence they must needs be fed with more moderation. 

 From two to three pounds will usually answer daily in the 

 ration for milch cows. As they absorb much water, they 

 are usually soaked several hours before feeding them. 



Flax by-products. The principal by-product of flax 

 seed is oil cake, more commonly spoken of as oil meal. It 

 is used as food for live stock. Oil cake is the residue left 

 after the oil has been removed. When removed by hy- 

 draulic pressure only, it is known as old process oil cake. 

 When chemicals are used in extracting the oil, it is known 

 as new process. It is sold as oil cake or as oil meal, both 

 terms being applied to it in a somewhat loose sense. Oil 

 cake, properly speaking, is the residue pressed into large 

 flat cakes after the oil has been removed from the seed and 

 the moisture from the residue. Oil meal is the cake finely 

 ground. Adulterants are sometimes mixed with the meal. 

 The cake cannot be thus readily adulterated, hence the 

 prefer-ence for it in foreign markets. For a similar reason, 

 many feeders prefer to feed it in the "nut" form, that is, in 

 the form that is broken up into small pieces about the size 

 of mixed nuts as ordinarily found in the market. The meal 

 is usually fed to animals that are quite young. It is not well 

 suited to outdoor feeding as it may be lifted by the wind. 

 The old process meal contains a little more oil than the new 

 and a little less relatively of total protein. But it has a 

 higher per cent of digestible protein, as cooking the meal in 

 the new process reduces somewhat the digestibility of the 

 protein. . The two kinds of meal may be distinguished by 

 placing a small quantity of each in separate glasses and 

 pouring on a small quantity of hot water. The old process 

 meal thus treated will form a jelly-like mass, and, since the 

 new process meal has been already cooked, it does not jelly 



