FOODS FROM BY-PRODUCTS 289 



It should not, however, be fed to pigs that are being fat- 

 tened in any considerable quantities, owing to its bulk- 

 iness. 



For horses, sugar beet pulp in the undried form is 

 not so valuable relatively as for feeding cattle or sheep, 

 but a few pounds daily may be fed with considerable 

 benefit to young animals and brood mares on dry feed. 

 If fed in any considerable quantities to horses hard at 

 work, it induces too lax a condition of the bowels. 



Milk by-products. The chief of the by-products of 

 milk that are used in feeding live stock, are skim milk, 

 buttermilk and whey. Skim milk is the residue left after 

 the cream has been removed from the whole milk. But- 

 termilk is the residue left from churning the cream after 

 the butter has been removed. Whey is the residue left 

 in making cheese after the curd has been removed. Skim 

 milk is chiefly fed to calves and swine, but is not infre- 

 quently fed to foals, and may also be fed to lambs. But- 

 termilk is chiefly used in feeding swine but may also be 

 fed to calves. Whey is chiefly used in feeding swine, but 

 is not infrequently used also in feeding calves. The 

 value of these by-products, more especially the first, as 

 a source of food for live stock, is very great. 



Skim milk is obtained by two processes ; viz., by 

 hand skimming and by removal through the aid of cen- 

 trifugal machines. By the first process, the whole milk, 

 as soon as obtained, is strained and left in shallow pans 

 or dishes, or in deep cans set in water, until the fat glob- 

 ules rise to the top of the milk, when they are removed 

 by pouring off the cream. By the second process, the 

 milk runs through a centrifugal machine termed a sepa- 

 rator, which is driven at a speed so high that the fat 

 globules are quickly separated and - drawn off as cream. 

 By the process of hand skimming, about twice as much 

 butter fat remains in the skim milk as when removed by 

 the centrifugal process, but even with hand skimming, it 

 is seldom that more than .7 of one per cent of the fat is 



