GENERAL FEEDING 447 



to each quart of the milk thus diluted. Ewe's milk is much 

 richer in protein and fat than cow's milk. When cow's milk 

 is substituted, cream r added is helpful as intimated previ- 

 ously, but the strippings .from the cow will probably be 

 even more suitable. Sow's milk is richer in all constituents 

 than cow's milk, hence when the latter is fed to pigs quite 

 young, the addition of some cream and sugar would 

 probably make it more suitable for them. 



It should be noticed, however, that such feeding ap- 

 plies to the first days and it may be weeks of feed- 

 ing, rather than to giving the first meal. The additions 

 mentioned will not make cow's milk to closely resemble 

 colostrum in its properties. It only makes it to approximate 

 the milk of other animals in its constituents under normal 

 conditions, hence the wisdom of the treatment referred to 

 when colostrum cannot be obtained. 



Food for maintenance. Food for maintenance means 

 the amount of food that will keep an animal from gaining 

 or losing when at rest, that is, when not producing in the 

 form of meat, milk or labor, and when not taking more 

 exercise than is really necessary in order to maintain 

 health. It is frequently referred to as the food of support. 

 To find the food for maintenance, as practically applied to 

 animals of all classes and ages, furnishes a complicated 

 problem, owing to the variation caused by growth and in- 

 dividuality. Because of this, experiments in regard to it 

 have been conducted more frequently with mature animals. 

 However, the following may be safely affirmed with regard 

 to it : ( i ) It increases with reference to the total nutrients 

 required with advancing age; (2) production is not pos- 

 sible, unless the food given exceeds the amount required 

 for maintenance; (3) the profit from food consumed is 

 proportionate to the amount of the same that is properly 

 assimilated when suitable in kind. 



That more food would be required for maintenance 

 up to maturity is apparent, from the larger bulk in the 

 animal economy to be maintained. That more is required 



