form or kidney-shaped, if rounded at the apex, 

 broader than long and notched at the base ; 

 obreniform, if the reverse of reniform ; cuneate 

 or wedge-shaped, if broad at the apex and 

 tapering towards the base ; sagittate or arrow- 

 shaped, if shaped like an arrow-head with the 

 two basal lobes directed backwards ; hastate or 

 halberd-shaped if the two basal lobes are 

 directed outwards ; oblique or unequal, it the two 

 halves of the frond are not equal ; falcate or 

 sickle-shaped, if curved like a sickle ; auricle d, 

 if they bear more or less rounded or ear-shaped 

 lobes ; the lobes are then termed auricles. 



It will be noted that in actual descriptions 

 the terms above explained are often coupled 

 together as linear-lanceolate, elliptic-ovate, and 

 so on, to suggest that the shape is something 

 between the two. 



Texture. The texture of fronds varies very 

 much in the different species. It is said to be 

 (a) membranous or membranaceous, if it is thin 

 like a membrane ; (b) herbaceous, if it has the 

 texture of a herb ; (c) coriaceous, if it is lea- 

 thery ; (d) fleshy 9 or carnose, if it is succulent. 



Surface. The surface of fronds may be 

 quite smooth or covered, with hairs, glands or 

 scales, or they are covered, particularly the 



