FERNERIES OUT OF DOORS. 59 



same process are continually being, brought in 

 new forms of Erechthites (fire-weed) and the 

 ubiquitous Nabalus, and the asters and golden-- 

 rods will overtop the minor plants ; but these can 

 be weeded out or pruned, so that to bring a large 

 mass of earth with every fern-root will be, on the 

 whole, beneficial. Many of the mosses, particularly 

 the Hypnums, will grow in the crevices and among 

 the rocks, although it will be difficult to preserve 

 them during a dry summer. Among the prettiest 

 (and the commonest too) are Hypnum splcndens, 

 H. molluscum, H. tamariscinum, H. cupressiforme, 

 Bartramia pomiformisy Polytrichum commune, sev- 

 eral species of Bryum and Dicranum, and the 

 annual Funaria hygrometrica. Among the Hepat- 

 ic<z, the Marchantia polyinorpha, with its little 

 umbrella-like fruiting, is very attractive, and can 

 be easily grown in a damp place. 



Among the shrubs which will endure partial 

 shade, and serve themselves to produce still more 

 for the ferns, some may be chosen to add to the 

 collection. The Magnolia glauca and Kalmia 

 latifolia, although difficult to establish, when once 

 \t ell rooted, will repay many former failures. The 

 flowering dogwood (Cornus Florida] and the spice- 

 bark (Laurus Benzoin) are very charming plants, 

 and sometimes grow into trees of moderate size. 

 The woodbine (Ampelopsis quinquefolia) and the 

 wild clematis (Clematis Virginiana} are invaluable 



