sale and many copies had been carried to Germany, LITTLE 

 England and France, and in these countries the work JOURNEYS 

 was reprinted and sent back to Italy. 

 Urban ordered Galileo to present himself at Rome 

 forthwith. A score of years had passed since Galileo's 

 former visit he had not forgotten it. 

 He wrote to the Pope apologizing for having broken 

 the silence imposed upon him by Pope Paul ; he of- 

 fered to again go into retirement ; stated that he was 

 old, infirm, without funds, and excused himself from 

 obeying the order to go to Rome. 



It was in vain that a preventory order was now issued 

 and sent to the Papal Nuncio at Florence. This was 

 equivalent to an arrest. Galileo must go to Rome and 

 answer for having broken the promises he had made 

 to the Inquisition. If he would not go willingly, he 

 should go in chains. 



Arriving at Rome, he had several audiences with the 

 Pope who argued that nothing but an implicit recan- 

 tation would now answer. 



What Barberini had believed was one thing, what the 

 Pope must do was another. Galileo should recant in 

 order to keep the people from thinking that Pope Urban 

 'would allow what his predecessors would not. The 

 matter had become a public scandal. 

 Galileo tried to argue the question and asked for time 

 to consider it. An order was issued that he should be 

 imprisoned. It was done. 



Galileo asked for pens and paper that he might prepare 

 his defense. These were refused and an order of tor- 



59 



