who believe in the infallibility of popes. So well did LITTLE 

 Dr. James' book sell, coupled with the approbation of JOURNEYS 

 the Pope, that as late as 1882 a new and enlarged 

 edition appeared, and the author was made a member 

 of the Papal Order of St. Sylvester. It is quite needless 

 to add that those who read Dr. James' book refuting 

 Darwin never read Darwin, since "The Origin of 

 Species ' was placed on the Index Expurgatorius in 

 1860. Some years after, when it was discovered that 

 Darwin had written other books, these were all like- 

 wise honored. The book on barnacles being called to 

 the attention of the Censor, that worthy exclaimed, 

 " Some new heresy, I dare say put it on the Index!' 

 And it was so done. The success of Dr. James' book 

 reveals the popularity of the form of reasoning that 

 digests the refutation first, and the original proposition 

 not at all. 



In 1875, Gladstone in an address at Liverpool said, 

 " Upon the ground of what is called evolution God is 

 relieved from the labor of creation and of governing 

 the universe." 



Herbert Spencer called Gladstone's attention to the 

 fact that Newton "with his law of gravitation, and the 

 physical science of astronomy was open to the same 

 charge. Gladstone then took refuge in the " Contempo- 

 rary Review," and retreated in a cloud of words that 

 had nothing to do with the subject. 



Thomas Carlyle, who has facetiously been called a 

 liberal thinker, had not the patience to discuss Darwin's 

 book seriously, but grew red in the face and hissed 



185 



