306 APPENDIX I. 



cries out for the old aboriginal beliefs : and in the mosques 

 and village deliberations, at all times and at all seasons, 

 they denounce him and all his works. The Malays, too, 

 perform the pilgrimage to Mecca in larger numbers every 

 year, and each man upon his return, when he has donned 

 the haji's turban and frock, feels constrained to conform 

 to a stricter observance of the faith, and therefore to frown 

 upon the poor pawang as savouring unduly of heathendom. 

 It is the alien Muhammadan immigration, not British 

 civilisation, that is the enemy of the pawang ; and as 

 the pawangs of the present generation, who still hold 

 their position by their personal influence, die off, there 

 will, except in the more remote districts and villages, 

 probably be but few men of the younger generation to 

 take their place. 



