60 THE MAMMALIA. 



that Filhol distinguishes, among the beasts of pivy 

 alone, some forty-two species. In this abundance 

 of forms, in the occurrence of these most varied 

 kinds of flesh- and plant-eaters which cannot he 

 imagined without a struggle for existence we can, 

 as it were, quietly watch the gradual, very gradual, 

 process of transformation, ///> or////// <>f sprcics. The 

 imable value of Filbert's researches, like those 

 of Gaudry, is that they could extend over thousands 

 of objects. His investigations are peculiarly valu- 

 able, owing to the fact that three of the most im- 

 portant deposits of France and of Europe (Querey, 

 Ronzon, and Gerard le Puy the rich outcome of 

 which lie was able to work upon), belong to three 

 closely connected geological horizons. And Filhol 

 has compared in a way that scarcely any other 

 palaeontologist has done the chants and advances 

 of the animal world from one of these periods to 

 the other, in their specialisations, and has placed 

 these in the foreground as the general result of his 

 most careful and detailed accounts. 



Another investigator of great enterprise, Wol- 

 dernar Kowalewsky, 1 has unfortunately died at 



1 W. Kowalewsky, Si/r VAncMtiurium Anrcliancusr 

 i. .! St. IVtersbourg, 1873) : Osteology of the Hyopot, 

 (Philoso. Transact., 1873) ; Versiuh cincr natilrliclicn Classified- 



