KINDS OF SIN 63 



a) By counsel (consilium), i. e., by giving advice or 

 urging motives, or by showing how an evil deed may be 

 done, or the punishment due to it escaped. 22 



b) By command (iussio), i. e., by inducing another to 

 do an injury, especially if one is a superior. 23 



c) By consent (consensus), i. c, by agreeing to sinful 

 proposals or suggestions. 24 As Father Slater points out, 

 this sin is committed by members of legislative bodies 

 when they agree together to pass an unjust law, and also 

 by jurymen who concur in a wrong verdict. 23 



d) By provocation (irritatio), i. e., by employing 

 anger or ridicule for the purpose of persuading another 

 to commit an injustice or to omit to make reparation for 

 an injury committed. This sin is also committed by 

 those who dress indecently, exhibit obscene pictures, sell 

 or loan bad books, carry on unchaste conversations, etc., 

 thereby causing others to sin. 26 



e) By praise or flattery (palpo), i. e., by commending 

 the wicked conduct of others, instigating them to rebellion 

 against lawful authority, eulogizing their crimes, etc. 27 



f) By silence (reticentia), i. e., by omitting to dissuade 

 others from sin or failing to censure their misdeeds, if one 

 is in duty bound to do so; tolerating evil company or 

 dangerous occasions, etc. 28 



g) By connivance (conniventia), i. e., by neglecting to 

 punish sinful conduct in children or subjects. Heli was 

 punished ''because he knew that his sons did wickedly, 

 and did not chastise them." 29 



22 As when Caiphas advised the 25 A Manual of Moral Theology, 

 Jews to put Jesus to death. (John Vol. I, pp. 420 sq. 



XI, 50). 26Cfr. Gen. Ill, 1-6. 



23 Cfr. Ex. I, 15 sqq.; 2 Kings 27 Cfr. Ez. XIII, 18; Rom. I, 32. 

 XI, 14; Matth. II, 16. 28 Cfr. Lev. V, 1; Is. LVI, 10; 



24 Cfr. Gen. XXXIX, 10; Acts Prov. XXIX, 25. 



VII, 57; XXII, 20; Eph. V, 6 sq, 30 Cfr. 1 Kings III, 13; II, 23 sqq. 



