KINDS OF SIN 65 



spirit" 32 through concupiscence of the eyes, 

 concupiscence of the flesh, or pride of life, ac- 

 cording to each man's character or social posi- 

 tion. 33 Concupiscence of the flesh reveals itself 

 as gluttony and unchastity; concupiscence of the 

 eyes, as avarice and envy; pride of life, as con- 

 ceit and anger. To these palmary forms of in- 

 ordinate desire must be added sloth, i. e., that 

 lack of moral energy which enters into every sin 

 and sometimes assumes the character of moral 

 indifference. Actual sins, explains St. Bonaven- 

 ture, have one beginning, a twofold root, a three- 

 fold stimulus, and a sevenfold source. The be- 

 ginning is pride; the two roots are false respect 

 and misdirected desire; the threefold stimulus is 

 concupiscence in its three distinct forms; the 

 seven sources are pride, envy, anger, sloth, ava- 

 rice, intemperance, and unchastity, of which the 

 first five are spiritual and the last two carnal 

 sins. 34 



b) The second stage is characterized by the 

 sins of which Sacred Scripture says that they cry 



32 Rom. VII, 14-23; Gal. V, 17; tium, scilicet superbia, iuxta quod 



1 Pet. II, 11. dicit Scriptural 'Initium omnis 



S3 Cfr. 1 John II, 16; Matth. IV, peccati superbia' (Eccles. X, 75). 



1-10, Duplex radix, scilicet timor male 



34 Brevil., P. Ill, c. 9: "Circa humilians et amor male accendens. 



ortum peccatorum capitalium hoc est Triplex f omentum secundum tria, 



in summa tenendum, videlicet, quod quae sunt in mundo, scilicet 'concu- 



peccatum unum, inquam, est ini- piscentia carnis, concupiscentia ocu- 



tium, duplex radix, triplex fomen- lorum et superbia vitae' (1 loa. ii, 



turn, septiforme caput sive capitale 16). Septiforme vero caput, scilicet 



peccatum. Unum, inquam, est ini- superbia, invidia, ira, acedia, avaritia, 



