122 THE MEANS OF GRACE 



Sacrament at least once every five years. 13 

 Each person confirmed ought to have a sepa- 

 rate sponsor, whose obligations are similar to 

 those assumed by the sponsor at Baptism. 14 



There is no obligation either to administer or 

 to receive this Sacrament fasting, though, ac- 

 cording to St. Thomas, "where it can conveniently 

 be done, it is more becoming that both giver and 

 receiver should be fasting." 15 



Readings. — Rituale Romanum, De Sacro Baptismate. — J. B. 

 Geniesse, La Mort Reel et la Mort Apparcnte et leurs Rapports 

 avec V Administration des Sacrements, Paris 1906. — J. Antonelli, 

 Medicina Pastoralis, Vol. I, 2nd ed., Rome 1906. — Pohle-Preuss, 

 The Sacraments, Vol. I, pp. 238 sqq., 304 sqq. — Stohr-Kanna- 

 muller, Handbuch dcr Pastorahnedizin, 4th ed., Freiburg 1900. — 

 Codex Iuris Canonici, De Baptismo, can. 737-779; De Confirma- 

 tione, can. 780-800. — M. J. O'Donnell, "Baptism in the New 

 Code," in the Irish Eccles. Record, 5th Series, Vol. X, No. 6, 

 pp. 441 sqq. — Sabetti-Barrett, S.J., Comp. Thcol. Mor., pp. 534 

 sqq-, 555 sqq. — Th. Slater, S.J., A Manual of Moral Theology, 

 Vol. II, pp. 47 sqq., 67 sqq. — H. Noldin, S.J., Summa Theol. 

 Mor., Vol. Ill, pp. 62 sqq., 99 sqq. — A. Lehmkuhl, S.J., Theol. 

 Mor., Vol. II, pp. 43 sqq., 70 sqq. 



13 Ibid., can. 785, § 3 sq. accipiatur, quia unus episcopus, 



14 Codex Iuris Can., can. 794, 797. praecipue in magna dioecesi, non 

 10 Summa Theol., 3a, qu. 72, art. sufficeret ad tot homines confirman- 



12, ad 2: "Propter multitudinem dos, si eis tempus arctaretur. Ubi 



fidelium et propter pericula imminen- tamen congrue observari potest, con- 



tia sustinetur, ut hoc sacramentum, venientius est, ut a ieiunis detur et 



quod nonnisi ab episcopis dari pot- accipiatur." 

 est, etiam a nonieiunis detur vel 



