The Revolution 353 



be demolished;^ that the duties of aides, on wine, brandy, 

 tobacco, salt, leather, paper, iron, oil, and soap be suppressed ; ^ 

 that the apanages be abolished; ^ that the domains of the king 

 be alienated;* that the king's studs {haras) be suppressed;^ 

 that the pay of the soldiers be augmented ; ^ that the kingdom 

 be divided into districts, and the elections proportioned to 

 population and to contributions;' that all citizens paying a. 

 determinate quota of taxes vote in the parochial assemblies ; ' 

 that it is indispensable in the states-general to consult the Rights 

 of Man ; ^ that the deputies shall accept of no place, pension, 

 grace, or favour.^" 



From this detail of the instructions given by the nation, I \snll 

 not assert that everything which the National Assembly has 

 decreed is justifiable ; but it may be fairly concluded that much 

 the greater part of their arrets, and many that have been the 

 most violently arraigned, are here expressly demanded. To 

 reply that these demands are not those of the nation at large, 

 but of particular bodies only, is very wide from the argument; 

 especially as the most virulent enemies of the revolution, and 

 particularly Messrs. Burke and De Calonne, have from these 

 cahiers deduced such conclusions as suited their purpose; and 

 if they are made authority for condemning the transactions in 

 that kingdom, they certainly are equal authority for supporting 

 those transactions. I shall make but one observation on these 

 demands. The assemblies that drew them up most certainly 

 never demanded, in express terms, the abolition of the monarchy 

 or the transfer of all the regal authority to the deputies ; but let 

 it be coolly considered what sort of a monarchy must necessarily 

 remain, while an assembly is permanent, with power to abolish 



* Nob. Paris, p. 14. — Author's note. 



* Nob. Vitry le Francois, MS. Nob. Lyon, p. 16. Xob. Bugey, p. 28. 

 Nob. Paris, p. 22. — Author's note. 



'Nob. Ponthieu, p. 32. Nob. Chartres, p. 19. Nob. Auxerre, art. 74. — 

 Author's note. 



* Nob. Bugey, p. 11. Nob. Montargis, p. 18. Nob. Paris, p. 16. Nob. 

 Bonrbonnois, p. 12. Nob. Nancy, p. 23. Nob. Angoumois, p. 20. Nob. 

 Pays de Labour, fol. 9. — Author's note. 



* Nob. Beauvois, p. 18. Nob. Troyes, p. 25. — .Author's note. 



* Nob. Limoges, p. 31. — .Author's note. 



' T. FJat de Lyon, p. 7. Nismes, p. 13. Cotentin, art. 7. — .Author's note. 



* r. Etat Rennes, art. 15. — .Author's note. 



* T. Etat Nismes, p. 11. — Author's note. 



1" T. Etat Pont a Mousson, p. 17. Mr. Burke says: " When the several 

 orders, in their several bailliages, had met in the year 1789, to choose and 

 instruct their representatives, they were the people of France; whilst they 

 were in that state, in no one of their instructions did they charge, or even 

 hint at any of those things which have drawn upon the usurping assembly 

 the detestation of the rational part of mankind." — .Author's note. 



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