42 TRENCHING AND SUBSOILING 



This plough costs 30 with the seat ; 28 without the 

 seat. In this case the hand-wheel for regulating is worked 

 from the side as shown in. Fig. 21. 



PELOUS' HORSE-GIN. 



Pelous, an implement maker at Toulouse, endeavoured to 

 remedy two of the inconveniences generally met with in 

 horse-gins: 1st, the defect of want of stability and the ten- 

 dency to tilting under the strain of the cable ; 2nd, the 

 defective winding of the cable on the drum. 



Description. It is composed of a winding drum 19 J 

 inches in diameter, revolving round a vertical shaft, carry- 

 ing a socket head, with two poles lift. lOin. in length. The 

 motive power is multiplied by twelve. The machine can be 

 mounted on wheels for shifting about. During work it is 

 displaced on four rollers rolling on two rails. The machine 

 is light. It only weighs llcwt. 3qrs. To prevent tilting, 

 Pelous places on the bed-plate two wooden cases of about 

 1 7^ cub. feet each in capacity, which are filled with earth ; the 

 additional weight is then 25cwt. 2qrs. to 29cwt. 2qrs. 

 This is quite sufficient to insure the stability of the machine. 

 When the work is finished the cases are emptied, and the 

 weight to shift about is only 1 1 cwt. 3qrs. 



The cable, instead of winding freely round the drum, is 

 guided by a small pulley fixed on an iron arm working with 

 a slow up and down movement. This movement is given by 

 means of a cam-wheel worked by means of a pinion. The 

 cam makes one revoluti n for 23 revolutions of the drum ; 

 the guiding pulley rising during the first half revolution of 

 the cam, and lowering during the second half. It is easy to 

 conceive that the cable, guided in this way, will wind on the 

 drum in a regular helix, all the turns being in perfect 

 contact. This ingenious device, used for a very long time in 

 the Fowler steam system, acts very well, on the condition that 

 the cable be of an even diameter. If, on account of the wear 

 and stress, the cable does not retain its original diameter, or, 

 if a cable of a different diameter is used, the winding ceases 

 to be regular. This cable guide, indispensable with the 

 Fowler machines, which have large winding drums, and 

 which impart a great speed to the cable, does not seem 

 useful for horse-gins, which always have small drums, and 

 work at a slow rate. It complicates the machine, and 



