FOE AMERICAN VINES. 47 



The capstan is constructed to work with an engine of 12 

 H.P., but it is generally worked with a 4 to 8 H.P. engine. 



The cable may work in any direction. Therefore, one may, 

 without displacing the machine, plough a block of 20 to 22J 

 acres with a cable 328 yards long. The headlands may be 

 ploughed without shifting the plant. It suffices for this to 

 anchor the fixed pulley in a suitable position. The non- 

 ploughed headland on the engine side is 23 to 26 feet in 

 width ; on the opposite side, 10 feet. 



The plough is the same as used with the horse-gin ; it can 

 work to a depth of 20 to 24 inches, turning a sod 20 inches 

 wide. 



The working of the plant requires three men one engine- 

 driver, one ploughman, one attendant to manage the fixed 

 pulley. A horse and a boy are also required to return the 

 plough to the starting point. The capstan, with accessories, 

 and 328 yards of cable, costs 160, plough excluded. The 

 whole plant, plough, engine (6 to 7 H.P.), capstan, and 

 accessories, costs 400. 



VERNETTE'S STEAM WINDING DRUM. 



Vernette builds two different types. 



Description. The first is simply his horse-gin, in which 

 the pole socket-head is replaced by a toothed-wheel gearing* 

 with an endless screw, the shaft of which carries a pulley 

 (Fig. 23). The supplementary mechanism is carried by a 

 framework bolted on the bed-plate, and carrying the shaft 

 through collars at the top. The cog-wheel and the drum are 

 clamped by two cotters. 



The second type resembles this, the only difference being" 

 that instead of an endless screw a pair of pinions are used to 

 transmit the power. On the drum a bevel cog-wheel is 

 keyed, gearing with a bevel pinion. On the shaft of the 

 drum a cog-wheel is fixed, gearing with a pinion, on the 

 shaft of which the pulley is fixed (Fig. 24). 



This second type is preferable, the transmission by cogs 

 giving a higher yield than that by endless screw. 



They are both worked by connecting the pulley to the fly- 

 wheel of the engine. 



Working. The capstan is placed on the ground, on its 

 rollers, and fixed by a few pegs in such a position as to run 



