TKANSLATOES' PKEFACE. 13 



3rd. To remove stagnant or excessive water. 



4th. To extract all roots. The two latter conditions 

 being imperative to prevent the appearance of 

 pourridie, and therefore a diminution in the grape 

 yield. 



The principal local objections urged against preparatory 

 deep cultivation are : 



1st. The proper implements and knowledge of methods 

 are not obtainable in Victoria. 



2nd. The work is too expensive. 



The object of the present compilation is to answer the 

 first of these objections, by describing in detail the methods, 

 machinery, and implements used in European vine-growing 

 countries, giving their cost when available ; and to show 

 that deep cultivation is possible by using large heavy 

 ploughs hauled by winding-drums ^worked either by horse or 

 steam power. 



In answer to the second objection we urge co-operation in 

 the purchase of the necessary machinery or implements. If 

 a few neighbouring vine-growers unite and purchase these in 

 common, the outlay will be divided between several persons, 

 and, as the operations will extend over a greater number of 

 days per year, the cost of cultivation will be reduced pro- 

 portionately, and will not be found to exceed that now paid 

 for ploughing 12 or 14 inches deep. Further, when the 

 trenching or subsoiling operation is finished, the plant may 

 be used for ordinary ploughing, harrowing, scarifying, rolling 

 of vineyards, as pointed out by A. Debains (see page 135). 



In conclusion, we quote the pregnant words of Professor 

 B. Chauzit* 



" Great importance must be attached to the trenching or 

 subsoiling of vineyards; the future of the vine is entirely 

 dependent on this operation. Reconstitution on American 



* Revue de. Viticulture, 21st October, 1899. 



