58 TRENCHING AND SUBSOILING 



allows it to be displaced backwards or forwards. After each 

 displacement the belt is shifted on to a loose pulley. The 

 system is installed on one of the headlands, and the plough 

 fastened to the large cable. The small cable, known as the 

 returning cable, is made fast to the rear of the plough, after 

 passing over the fixed pulley anchored on the opposite head- 

 land. When everything is in place, the small drum being 

 thrown into gear, the plough is pulled backwards to the 

 starting point. The large drum is then thrown into gear, 

 and one of the four speeds applied according to the soil and 

 the depth of ploughing. When the plough reaches the end 

 of the furrow the large drum is thrown out of gear, and the 

 small one thrown into gear, the plough hauled back, and 

 so forth. In the meantime, the system has been displaced 

 automatically. 



With a 6 H.P. engine, working at 150 revolutions per 

 minute, a plough is hauled at a rate of 58ft. 4in., 68ft. lOin., 

 82ft. or 96ft. 8in. per. minute. The plough is hauled back 

 at a rate of 164 feet to 197 feet per minute, as the case 

 may be. 



Four men at least are required for the management of 

 this outfit two for the capstan and engine, one to ride the 

 plough, and one to attend to the automatic anchor and the 

 cable runner. 



Pecard Bros.' device is undoubtedly one of the most in- 

 genious. But it is more complicated than that of Guyot, 

 and would be advantageously simplified by doing away with 

 the automatic displacement of the large frame engine. 

 This mechanism is not only useless but also cumbersome, 

 for it is impossible to work in any other but a straight line, 

 and cannot be turned round at the completion of the work 

 in order to plough the headlands. Its cost, exclusive of 

 engine and plough, is 100. 



PINEAU'S STEAM WINDING DRUM. 



At the Agricultural Show held at Avignon in 1891, a 

 steam winding drum was exhibited, constructed by Pineau, 

 of Moulins (Allier), designed after the well-known style of 

 Howard. 



Description. The portable engine is fixed in a set posi- 

 tion in the middle of the headland. The capstan, made of 

 two drums, revolved by two pairs of cog-wheels, is carried 

 by a truck, the shafts of which are tied to the rear of the 



