AND WINDING DEUM. 109 



P. Castel estimates the expense of the material and the 

 expense of working this arrangement at 

 Cost of material 



7 H.F. portable engine ... ... 232 



Frame, capstan, accessories ... ... 120 



Cable 10 



Plough ... . ... ... ... 28 



Total 390 



In round numbers, 400, which he estimates must be 

 written off in five years, that is to say, 80 divided over 200 

 days work per annum, that is to say, 8s. per day of work. 



The interest on the capital at 5 per cent, represents 2s. per 

 day, which increases the fixed cost per day to 10s. 

 The daily expense is 



Fixed cost ... ... ... ... 10 



Engine-driver, boarded ... 4 9 



Workman ... ... ... 2 4^ 



Ploughman ... ... ... ' 2 4| 



Pair of bullocks and driver ... 4 9 

 343 Ibs. of coal at 1 Is. 2d. per ton 3 6 

 Lubricating oil ... ... 5 



18 2 



.Total ... 1 8 .2 



If the plough works 160 poles per day the cost of plough- 

 ing 1 acre to a depth of 24 inches is 1 8s. 2d., out of 

 which 18s. 2d. represent labour.* 



The pair of bullocks may be dispensed with by hauling 

 the plough back with a small cable passing over a fixed 

 pulley anchored on the opposite headland, winding round a 

 small drum keyed on one of the intermediate shafts. 



In systems such as that above described, the action of the 

 drum being perpendicular to the direction of the furrow, the 

 cable does not need to pass over a pulley arrangement. 

 With the object of diminishing the width of the headland 

 the axle of the drum is sometimes placed parallel to the 

 direction of the furrow ; in this case the cable passes over a 

 pulley arrangement. 



* In this estimate the keeping in repair, carriage of water and coal, is 

 not mentioned. 



