FRUITS AND NUTS 103 



fruit is nearly round and the number of segments in each fruit 

 ranges from 10 to 13. The sweet orange is grown everywhere 

 in the Tropics as well as in California and Florida. The favor- 

 ite varieties are Navel, Valencia, Pineapple, Thompson, Ruby, 

 Majorca, etc. The sour orange (C. aurantium) is a tree of 

 medium size with long flexible spines, white fragrant flowers, 

 and globose fruit 2^ to 3^ inches in diameter. The sour 

 orange is shipped from Spain to England in large quantities 

 for use in making marmalade. Seedling sour oranges are 

 widely used as citrus stock in the United States on account of 

 their hardiness. 



The citron (C. medico) is a small tree with short, stout 

 thorns, large leaves, and large flowers, white above and crim- 

 son beneath. The fruit is oval, 6 to 10 inches long and 4 to 6 

 inches in diameter, usually with a rough skin. This tree is 

 cultivated to a small extent in Florida and California and 

 generally throughout the Tropics. The chief commercial 

 cultivation of citron is in the Mediterranean region, par- 

 ticularly in Corsica. The dried peel is shipped to the United 

 States to be candied. 



The kumquat (C. japonica) is a bush 6 to 8 feet high and 

 bears oblong or round fruit about one inch in diameter. The 

 usual form of kumquat fruit is oblong. The Chinese orange is 

 considered as being the variety hazara of the kumquat. This 

 tree reaches a height of 10 to 20 feet and bears a great pro- 

 fusion of spherical fruit much used in making marmalade and 

 as a flavor for papaya and other fruits. The bergamot (C. 

 bergamia) is grown chiefly for the essential oil contained in 

 the peel. A brief discussion of the preparation of this oil will 

 be found under essential oils. C. trifoliata is used largely as a 

 citrus stock on account of its extreme hardiness. The fruit is 

 about 2 inches in diameter, is very acid, full of seed, and not 

 very juicy. The mandarin group of citrus fruit includes the 

 Dancy, the King mandarin, Satsuma, Mikado, and a number 

 of other citrus varieties. The mandarin group is commonly 



