PERFUMES 259 



a less extent in various tropical countries, particularly Al- 

 geria, Tunis, and the West Indies, where the industry has 

 recently become established. In France, it has been found 

 that 500 pounds of the flowers of the bitter orange yield I 

 pound of oil. The oil of neroli is chiefly used in perfume 

 blends. The difficulty of securing sufficient labor appears to 

 be the chief reason why the production of neroli oil in Al- 

 geria and Tunis has not been more extensive. The perfume 

 of the flower of these countries is said to be extremely deli- 

 cate. When instead of the flowers the leaves, small twigs, 

 and young fruit of the sour orange are distilled, a perfume 

 oil is obtained which comes upon the market under the name 

 petit-grain oil. 



FRANGIPANI 



This term is ordinarily used for a compound perfume pre- 

 pared according to a formula of the Marquis Frangipani and 

 containing sandalwood oil, musk, sage, orris root, neroli oil, 

 and various other constituents. The name has also been given 

 to the essential oil distilled from the red, white, and yellow 

 flowered temple trees (Plumeria rubra and P. acutifolia), 

 which are native to Central America and the West Indies, 

 but are now widely cultivated about Buddhist temples in Cey- 

 lon, China, and Japan, and also in Japanese cemeteries. Fran- 

 gipani has also been used as the trade name for certain sachet 

 powders prepared partly from cassie flowers. 



BERGAMOT 



Citrus bergamia, a well known species of the citrus tribe, 

 yields an oil which comes upon the market under the name 

 bergamot. This oil is produced chiefly in Italy, more espe- 

 cially in the province of Calabria. The oil is expressed from 

 the fresh rind of the fruit by special machinery. For this 

 purpose the fruit is gathered in November and December. The 



